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@ARTICLE{Maas:282907,
      author       = {Maas, Roderick P P W M and Faber, Jennifer and van de
                      Warrenburg, Bart P C and Schutter, Dennis J L G},
      collaboration = {Group, ESMI MR Study},
      title        = {{C}erebellar transcranial direct current stimulation in
                      spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: {A}n electric field modelling
                      study.},
      journal      = {Clinical neurophysiology},
      volume       = {181},
      issn         = {1388-2457},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01368},
      pages        = {2111405},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {To compare cerebellar transcranial direct current
                      stimulation (tDCS)-induced electric field strengths between
                      individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and
                      healthy controls and to identify factors that underlie the
                      variability in field strength.MRI scans from 68 SCA3
                      mutation carriers spanning the disease spectrum and 37
                      healthy adults were used to reconstruct tetrahedral volume
                      meshes of the head. Electric field simulations of midline
                      cerebellar tDCS were performed with the buccinator muscle,
                      frontopolar region, and lower neck as reference electrode
                      positions. Eight regions of interest were defined throughout
                      the cerebellum.Simulated electric field strengths induced by
                      cerebellar tDCS were generally lower in SCA3 mutation
                      carriers than in healthy controls, particularly in the
                      anterior lobe and with cephalic reference electrodes. The
                      frontopolar montage induced the highest field strengths,
                      while the lower neck montage caused the lowest field
                      strengths. Skin-cerebellum distance, Scale for the
                      Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score, and 'occipital
                      angle' were independently associated with electric field
                      strength.Skin-cerebellum distance, posterior fossa
                      morphometry, ataxia severity, and electrode montage predict
                      cerebellar tDCS-induced electric field strength in SCA3
                      mutation carriers. These results may guide the development
                      of personalized neuromodulation protocols and inform the
                      design of future cerebellar tDCS trials in degenerative
                      ataxias.This study identified clinical and anatomical
                      factors that affect cerebellar tDCS-induced field strength
                      in individuals with the most common type of dominantly
                      inherited ataxia worldwide.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: methods /
                      Male / Machado-Joseph Disease: physiopathology /
                      Machado-Joseph Disease: therapy / Machado-Joseph Disease:
                      diagnostic imaging / Machado-Joseph Disease: genetics /
                      Female / Adult / Middle Aged / Cerebellum: physiopathology /
                      Cerebellum: diagnostic imaging / Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                      / Aged / Ataxia (Other) / Cerebellar tDCS (Other) / Electric
                      fields (Other) / Interindividual variability (Other) /
                      Modelling study (Other) / Simulation (Other)},
      cin          = {Clinical Research (Bonn)},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011001},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41218516},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111405},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282907},
}