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@ARTICLE{Nguyen:282967,
      author       = {Nguyen, Truc Tran Thanh and Do, Thanh-Liem and Tran, Huong
                      Thi Thu and Kilimann, Ingo and Tran, Cong-Thang},
      title        = {{N}ormative data for {V}ietnamese population: {E}ffects of
                      age, education, and sex on test performance.},
      journal      = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
      volume       = {31},
      number       = {7-8},
      issn         = {1355-6177},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01419},
      pages        = {573 - 581},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Normative data of neuropsychological tests in the
                      Vietnamese population is considerably lacking. We aim to
                      evaluate the effects of age, education, and sex on the
                      performance of common neuropsychological tests, and to
                      generate normative data for these tests in cognitively
                      normal Vietnamese adults.Participants were recruited from
                      two hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, with inclusion criteria
                      as follows: age ≥ 40 years, normal cognition and function,
                      and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ≥ 26.
                      Neuropsychological tests were administered in a
                      paper-and-pencil format, including the CERAD Word List,
                      Trail Making Tests, Digit Span, Animal Naming, and Clock
                      Drawing Test. Effects of age, education, and sex on test
                      performance were evaluated using multiple linear regression
                      analyses. Normed scores were reported as regression-based
                      and discrete norms tables.Participants included 385
                      cognitively normal Vietnamese, with age 61.4 ± 10.9 years
                      (range 40 - 89), female $56\%,$ who were relatively highly
                      educated $(42\%$ attended college and beyond, $36\%$
                      attended high school or equivalent institutions, $22\%$ had
                      less than high school education), and had MMSE scores 27.8
                      ± 1.0. Trail Making Test Part B was completed within 300 s
                      by only 204/385 $(53\%)$ participants. Regression analyses
                      demonstrated significant associations between age and
                      education with performance on all or most tests, and between
                      sex and all CERAD Word List measures and Clock Drawing
                      Test.The present work provides the first known normative
                      data for a relatively comprehensive neuropsychological
                      battery in Vietnamese adults. Performance on all tests was
                      significantly influenced by age and education.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Female / Male / Vietnam / Middle Aged / Adult /
                      Aged / Neuropsychological Tests / Educational Status / Aged,
                      80 and over / Reference Values / Age Factors / Sex Factors /
                      Aging / Sex Characteristics / Southeast Asian People / Norms
                      (Other) / Vietnam (Other) / aging (Other) / cognition
                      (Other) / education (Other) / neuropsychology (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Teipel},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510100},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40605835},
      doi          = {10.1017/S1355617725101100},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282967},
}