000283019 001__ 283019
000283019 005__ 20251222093753.0
000283019 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101562
000283019 037__ $$aDZNE-2025-01431
000283019 082__ $$a610
000283019 1001_ $$aBrenner, Juliette$$b0
000283019 245__ $$aDevelopment and validation of the NEOS2 score for prediction of long-term outcomes and improvement after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an international cohort study
000283019 260__ $$a[Amsterdam]$$bElsevier$$c2026
000283019 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle
000283019 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article
000283019 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1766392628_14399
000283019 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE
000283019 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE
000283019 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article
000283019 500__ $$aFunding: This study was funded by Dioraphte (charity; project 2001 0403).
000283019 520__ $$aBackground: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe disease that primarily affects young people and can improve with adequate treatment. We aimed to refine the anti-NMDAR Encephalitis One-year functional Status (NEOS) score by developing NEOS2, an updated model using readily available data at the time of diagnosis. We assessed the predictive value of the NEOS2-score for (1) improvement following first-line treatment, (2) functional outcome at one-year follow-up, and (3) resumption of school or work within three years. Methods: In this international (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and Spain) cohort study in patients with a definite anti-NMDAR encephalitis diagnosis (according to the clinical criteria plus antibody testing in CSF), we performed logistic regression analyses to develop and validate multivariable models to predict -based upon variables available at diagnosis- short (ΔmRS two weeks after first-line treatment), middle (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at one year), and long-term (return to school or work within three years) outcomes. We included clinical variables and biomarkers available at diagnosis. Findings: We included 702 patients (mean age 23 years, 95%-CI 2–69; 79% female, 21% male) diagnosed between the discovery of the disease in 2007 and 2022. Most patients (96%; 672/702) had received first-line immunotherapy, and 38% (233/615) showed improvement within two weeks. One year after diagnosis, 80% (517/644) had a favourable functional outcome (mRS≤2). At three years, 73% (203/278) had resumed work/school. In multivariable analysis, higher age (odds ratio [OR] 0·35, 95%-CI 0·29–0·43, p < 0·0001), treatment delay (OR 0·49, 95%-CI 0·41–0·58, p < 0·0001), movement disorders (OR 0·32, 95%-CI 0·24–0·41, p < 0·0001), ICU-requirement (OR 0·34, 95%-CI 0·26–0·44, p < 0·0001) and increased CSF leucocyte count (OR 0·65, 95%-CI 0·60–0·71, p < 0·0001) independently predicted poorer outcomes (NEOS2, accuracy AUC 80%, 95%-CI 75–86%). The same variables, excluding age, were relevant in predicting improvement following first-line immunotherapy (NEOS2-T AUC 81–84%, 95%-CI 77–86%). Return-to-work or -school served as a useful measure of longer-term outcomes, predicted with equal accuracy as one-year functional outcome (NEOS2-W AUC 80%, 95%-CI 75–85%). The NEOS2-score, applied as an ordinal measure, enabled nuanced predictions of outcome probabilities across the score spectrum, ranging from a high (80%; n = 20/25) likelihood of improving after first-line immunotherapy and achieving a good outcome (100%; n = 32/32) to a high risk of first-line treatment failure (97%; n = 77/79) and no return to school/work (94%; n = 15/16). Interpretation: The NEOS2-score, readily available at diagnosis and easy to apply, can identify patients with either a favourable or poor prognosis, and those who may benefit from early intensified treatment. The value of the NEOS2-score for guiding treatment decisions and as a stratification tool in studies on optimal treatment regimens, should be confirmed in further prospective studies.
000283019 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353$$a353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)$$cPOF4-353$$fPOF IV$$x0
000283019 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: pub.dzne.de
000283019 7001_ $$aBastiaansen, Anna E. M.$$b1
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-0110-5213$$aGuasp, Mar$$b2
000283019 7001_ $$aMuñiz-Castrillo, Sergio$$b3
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-7234-0720$$aIizuka, Takahiro$$b4
000283019 7001_ $$ade Bruijn, Marienke A. A. M.$$b5
000283019 7001_ $$aMuñoz-Lopetegi, Amaia$$b6
000283019 7001_ $$aMartínez-Hernández, Eugenia$$b7
000283019 7001_ $$aPicard, Géraldine$$b8
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-3652-7061$$aVogrig, Alberto$$b9
000283019 7001_ $$aMillot, Mathilde$$b10
000283019 7001_ $$aFinke, Carsten$$b11
000283019 7001_ $$aGeis, Christian$$b12
000283019 7001_ $$aLewerenz, Jan$$b13
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-2420-701X$$aMelzer, Nico$$b14
000283019 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810931$$aPrüss, Harald$$b15
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0001-8901-5572$$aRäuber, Saskia$$b16
000283019 7001_ $$aRingelstein, Marius$$b17
000283019 7001_ $$aRostàsy, Kevin$$b18
000283019 7001_ $$aSühs, Kurt-Wolfram$$b19
000283019 7001_ $$aThaler, Franziska S.$$b20
000283019 7001_ $$aWandinger, Klaus-Peter$$b21
000283019 7001_ $$aWurdack, Katharina$$b22
000283019 7001_ $$aCrijnen, Yvette S.$$b23
000283019 7001_ $$aKerstens, Jeroen$$b24
000283019 7001_ $$avan Steenhoven, Robin W.$$b25
000283019 7001_ $$aVeenbergen, Sharon$$b26
000283019 7001_ $$aSchreurs, Marco W. J.$$b27
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0003-4806-3599$$avan den Berg, Robert$$b28
000283019 7001_ $$aVolovici, Victor$$b29
000283019 7001_ $$aNeuteboom, Rinze F.$$b30
000283019 7001_ $$ade Vries, Juna M.$$b31
000283019 7001_ $$aSillevis Smitt, Peter A. E.$$b32
000283019 7001_ $$aNagtzaam, Mariska M. P.$$b33
000283019 7001_ $$aFranken, Suzanne C.$$b34
000283019 7001_ $$aRatuszny, Dominica$$b35
000283019 7001_ $$aMenge, Til$$b36
000283019 7001_ $$aBertolini, Annikki$$b37
000283019 7001_ $$aBien, Christian$$b38
000283019 7001_ $$aBerger, Robert$$b39
000283019 7001_ $$aTauber, Simone$$b40
000283019 7001_ $$aAngstwurm, Klemens$$b41
000283019 7001_ $$aSeifert-Held, Thomas$$b42
000283019 7001_ $$aKraft, Andrea$$b43
000283019 7001_ $$aKlausewitz, Jaqueline$$b44
000283019 7001_ $$aAyzenberg, Ilya$$b45
000283019 7001_ $$aEisenhut, Katharina$$b46
000283019 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001490$$aRoessling, Rosa$$b47$$udzne
000283019 7001_ $$aHeiden, Martha$$b48
000283019 7001_ $$aKümpfel, Tania$$b49
000283019 7001_ $$aDalmau, Josep$$b50
000283019 7001_ $$aLeypoldt, Frank$$b51
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-4721-5952$$aHonnorat, Jérôme$$b52
000283019 7001_ $$00000-0002-1033-3840$$aTitulaer, Maarten J.$$b53
000283019 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)3055963-7$$a10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101562$$gVol. 62, p. 101562 -$$p101562$$tThe lancet / Regional health. Europe$$v62$$x2666-7762$$y2026
000283019 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/283019/files/DZNE-2025-1431.pdf$$yRestricted
000283019 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/283019/files/DZNE-2025-1431.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yRestricted
000283019 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588)1065079516$$6P:(DE-2719)2810931$$aDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen$$b15$$kDZNE
000283019 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-2719)9001490$$aExternal Institute$$b47$$kExtern
000283019 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-350$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bGesundheit$$lNeurodegenerative Diseases$$vClinical and Health Care Research$$x0
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bLANCET REG HEALTH-EU : 2022$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal$$d2023-04-12T14:52:56Z
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ$$d2023-04-12T14:52:56Z
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bDOAJ : Anonymous peer review$$d2023-04-12T14:52:56Z
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1180$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Social and Behavioral Sciences$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1190$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBiological Abstracts$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0130$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSocial Sciences Citation Index$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1110$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Clinical Medicine$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9920$$2StatID$$aIF >= 20$$bLANCET REG HEALTH-EU : 2022$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0561$$2StatID$$aArticle Processing Charges$$d2024-12-20
000283019 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0700$$2StatID$$aFees$$d2024-12-20
000283019 9201_ $$0I:(DE-2719)1810003$$kAG Prüß$$lAutoimmune Encephalopathies$$x0
000283019 980__ $$ajournal
000283019 980__ $$aEDITORS
000283019 980__ $$aVDBINPRINT
000283019 980__ $$aI:(DE-2719)1810003
000283019 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED