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@ARTICLE{Goa:283104,
      author       = {Goa, Pal Erik and Blömer, Simon and Stirnberg, Rüdiger
                      and Stöcker, Tony},
      title        = {{B}rain {P}ulsation {I}maging {U}sing {N}on-{B}alanced
                      {S}teady-{S}tate {F}ree {P}recession {W}ith 3{D}-{EPI}
                      {R}eadout.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {95},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01511},
      pages        = {1606 - 1618},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {To present a new, fast MR imaging method for visualization
                      and quantification of pulsatile displacement in brain tissue
                      and fluid.The natural phase-contrast of non-balanced
                      steady-state free precession combined with careful tuning of
                      the intrinsic spoiler gradients is harnessed to measure
                      displacement along specific physical directions. Efficient
                      segmented 3D-EPI allows for whole brain coverage within TR =
                      0.15 s. Motion sensitive terms are added to the extended
                      phase graph theory and simulations are used to optimize the
                      sequence parameters and to calibrate the phase sensitivity.
                      Pilot data on 4 healthy volunteers are acquired at 7T and
                      analyzed after cardiac retrogating. A set of three 1-min
                      scans with spoiler gradients along orthogonal axes is
                      required to estimate full 3D displacement
                      vectors.Simulations show that pulsatile displacements up to
                      around 1 mm can be resolved with the proposed method. In
                      vivo example data are in general agreement with predictions
                      from simulations. The precision of the displacement
                      measurements is estimated to be 0.01 mm using repeated scans
                      of the same subject, and while estimated displacement values
                      agree well with literature values for example tissue ROIs,
                      the measurement accuracy needs to be further explored. The
                      method provides a detailed view of the pulsatile motion
                      along all three physical axes and with full 3D coverage of
                      the brain.Brain Pulsation Imaging allows for quantitative
                      measurements of displacement vectors through the cardiac
                      cycle with whole brain coverage within 3-5 min. The method
                      is robust and should have significant potential for clinical
                      application.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Brain: diagnostic imaging / Brain: physiology /
                      Brain: anatomy $\&$ histology / Imaging, Three-Dimensional:
                      methods / Echo-Planar Imaging: methods / Algorithms /
                      Computer Simulation / Adult / Male / Motion /
                      Reproducibility of Results / 3D‐EPI (Other) / CSF (Other)
                      / EPI (Other) / SSFP (Other) / UHF‐MRI (Other) / brain
                      (Other) / nbSSFP (Other) / neuroimaging (Other) /
                      non‐balanced (Other) / pulsation (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Stöcker},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013026},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41199430},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12746386},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.70156},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/283104},
}