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@ARTICLE{Callaway:283106,
      author       = {Callaway, Julia and Strozza, Cosmo and Christensen, Kaare
                      and Doblhammer, Gabriele and Rau, Roland and Søgaard, Jes},
      title        = {{A}geing populations: new challenges in longevity.},
      journal      = {BMC public health},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1471-2458},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00002},
      pages        = {4395},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {High-income countries experienced unprecedented gains in
                      life expectancy throughout the twentieth century. However,
                      recent evidence suggests that these gains have slowed,
                      especially at older ages. This paper focuses on recent
                      trends in life expectancy and health in ageing populations
                      in high-income countries.We analysed mortality and health
                      data from the Human Mortality Database and the Global Burden
                      of Disease. Additionally, we reviewed recent literature to
                      explore changes in life expectancy, health-adjusted life
                      expectancy, physical and cognitive decline, and the impact
                      of ageing on healthcare expenditure in countries with high
                      life expectancies.Although life expectancy continues to rise
                      in high-income countries, the pace of improvement has
                      slowed, especially among the oldest-old. While
                      health-adjusted life expectancy has generally increased, the
                      proportion of life spent in good health varies across
                      countries, with notable differences in trends in physical
                      and cognitive disabilities. In terms of economic
                      implications, these findings highlight the importance of age
                      and proximity to death as determinants of healthcare
                      expenditures.The deceleration in life expectancy gains,
                      particularly among the oldest populations, raises important
                      questions about future trends in longevity. As physical and
                      cognitive health change in older ages healthcare systems
                      will face new and diverse challenges. Understanding the role
                      of ageing and time-to-death in shaping healthcare costs will
                      be critical for anticipating future needs in high-income
                      countries.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Life Expectancy: trends / Aged / Longevity / Aged,
                      80 and over / Aging / Male / Developed Countries: statistics
                      $\&$ numerical data / Female / Health Expenditures: trends /
                      Middle Aged / Mortality: trends / Global Burden of Disease /
                      Global Health / Cognitive health (Other) / Health economics
                      (Other) / Health expectancies (Other) / Mortality (Other) /
                      Physical health (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Doblhammer},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012002},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41469611},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12755007},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12889-025-25531-w},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/283106},
}