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@INPROCEEDINGS{Vvra:283182,
      author       = {Vávra, Jakub and Traichel, Wiebke and Benedet, Andrea and
                      Huber, Hanna and Blennow, Kaj and Montoliu-Gaya, Laia and
                      Ashton, Nicholas and Zetterberg, Henrik},
      title        = {{M}ultiplex {B}iomarker {D}etection in {D}ried {P}lasma
                      {S}pots: finding the best biomarker for remote blood
                      collection},
      journal      = {Alzheimer's and dementia},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {S2},
      issn         = {1552-5260},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00061},
      pages        = {e106925},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Background: Conventional blood sampling for the testing of
                      Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers depends on stringent,
                      time-sensitive, and temperature-dependent protocols for
                      processing, shipping, and storage. Dry plasma spots (DPS)
                      present a simpler, more scalable alternative for the
                      collection, storage, and transport of blood samples and may
                      offer an alternative sampling when access to blood volume is
                      limited. Notably, neurodegenerative biomarkers such as
                      p-tau, NfL, and GFAP from DPS have demonstrated a strong
                      correlation with paired plasma on other platforms. In this
                      pilot study, we aimed to expand on these findings by
                      exploring a broader panel of central nervous system (CNS)
                      biomarkers using DPS, assessing their potential for reliable
                      and accurate detection. Method: We used the NULISA™
                      platform to test multiplex detection of a CNS biomarker
                      panel (127 proteins) in DPS and matched plasma, examining
                      plasma–DPS correlations. A discovery cohort (n = 14; mean
                      age 71.1 ± 12.8 years; 8 females $[57\%])$ was selected
                      from the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory in Mölndal,
                      Sweden. DPS (Telimmune™ Plasma Separation Card) spiked
                      with venous blood, were analysed with their paired EDTA
                      plasma collected by traditional venipuncture. Pearson
                      correlation was used to compare protein quantification
                      across sample types. Result: We demonstrated several
                      biomarker associations between DPS and plasma with a
                      correlation coefficient >0.99 and p <0.0001 (Figure 1),
                      including APOe4 (r = 0.996), IL6 (r = 0.995), and FABP3 (r =
                      0.994). Notably, AD-related biomarkers like p-tau181
                      (r=0.89), p-tau231 (r=0.86), GFAP (r=0.8), NPTX2 (r=0.92),
                      NFL (r=0.95), SMOC1 (r=0.91), and total Tau (r=0.93) all
                      showed strong correlations and p <0.0001. DOPA
                      decarboxylase, relevant for LBD and atypical Parkinsonian
                      disorders, also correlated strongly (r=0.98, p <0.0001).
                      VGF, a biomarker of synaptic plasticity altered in AD and
                      Major Depressive Disorder showed a strong correlation (r =
                      0.95, p <0.0001). Among 16 interleukins, 11 had r>0.8 (p
                      <0.0003) and 4 had r>0.5 (p <0.05), with IL6 (r=0.995) and
                      IL12 (r=0.994) correlating notably strong (p <0.0001).
                      However, $25\%$ of proteins have a weak correlation
                      coefficient of r<0.5 with plasma. Conclusion: Our findings
                      highlight the potential of DPS as a practical and scalable
                      tool for multiplex biomarker detection. Further research is
                      required to identify and validate optimal AD biomarkers in
                      DPS-based multiplex assays.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2025-07-27},
      organization  = {Alzheimer’s Association
                       International Conference, Toronto
                       (Canada), 27 Jul 2025 - 31 Jul 2025},
      cin          = {AG Schneider},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011305},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1002/alz70856_106925},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/283182},
}