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000283219 037__ $$aDZNE-2026-00068
000283219 041__ $$aGerman
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000283219 1001_ $$aNeumann, Timotheus Josef$$b0
000283219 245__ $$aBildgebung neurologischer Nebenwirkungen unter Immuntherapien : Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren und CAR-T-Zellen | Imaging of neurological adverse events associated with immunotherapies : Immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells
000283219 260__ $$a[Berlin]$$bSpringer Medizin Verlag GmbH$$c2026
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000283219 520__ $$aImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell (CAR-T) therapies have fundamentally transformed oncology. With their increasing use, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have gained attention, including those affecting the nervous system.To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of neurological immune-related adverse events (NirAEs) under ICI and CAR‑T therapy, as well as their differential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.Review of current literature on the incidence, clinical spectrum, and imaging features of NirAEs.NirAEs occur in approximately 1-6% of patients treated with ICIs. Common manifestations include myositis, myasthenic syndromes, peripheral neuropathies, and various forms of encephalitis, which may differ clinically and radiologically from their idiopathic or paraneoplastic counterparts. Under CAR‑T therapy, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) represents the most frequent neurotoxic complication and affects about 30% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice but often reveals nonspecific or initially unremarkable findings. A pretherapeutic baseline MRI and close imaging follow-up improve diagnostic interpretation and prognostic assessment. Findings must always be interpreted within the clinical context and through interdisciplinary collaboration.NirAEs are rare but potentially life-threatening. Due to unspecific imaging findings and overlapping differential diagnoses, close interdisciplinary cooperation between radiology, neurology, and oncology is essential. Early recognition and imaging follow-up are key to improving prognosis and survival.
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000283219 650_7 $$2Other$$aCentral and peripheral nervous system
000283219 650_7 $$2Other$$aICANS (immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome)
000283219 650_7 $$2Other$$aMagnetic resonance imaging
000283219 650_7 $$2Other$$aNeuroradiological diagnostics
000283219 650_7 $$2Other$$aNeurotoxicity under immunotherapy
000283219 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors
000283219 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aReceptors, Chimeric Antigen
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors: adverse effects
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors: therapeutic use
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImmunotherapy, Adoptive: adverse effects
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMagnetic Resonance Imaging: methods
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeurotoxicity Syndromes: diagnostic imaging
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeurotoxicity Syndromes: etiology
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImmunotherapy: adverse effects
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNervous System Diseases: diagnostic imaging
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNervous System Diseases: chemically induced
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDiagnosis, Differential
000283219 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aReceptors, Chimeric Antigen
000283219 7001_ $$aBaz, Anna Magdalena$$b1
000283219 7001_ $$aSchmidt, Elena Nicola Charlotte$$b2
000283219 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9003165$$aBendella, Zeynep$$b3$$udzne
000283219 7001_ $$aClauberg, Ralf$$b4
000283219 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001861$$aRadbruch, Alexander$$b5$$udzne
000283219 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9003515$$aPröbstel, Anne-Katrin$$b6$$udzne
000283219 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9003766$$aBischof, Antje$$b7$$udzne
000283219 7001_ $$aMöhn, Nora$$b8
000283219 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9003380$$aWichtmann, Barbara Daria$$b9$$eLast author$$udzne
000283219 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)3120921-X$$a10.1007/s00117-025-01541-y$$gVol. 66, no. 1, p. 59 - 66$$n1$$p59 - 66$$tDie Radiologie$$v66$$x2731-7048$$y2026
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