%0 Journal Article
%A Runge, Kimon
%A Feige, Bernd
%A Schiele, Miriam A
%A von Zedtwitz, Katharina
%A Maier, Alexander
%A Stöcker, Nils
%A Dressle, Raphael J
%A Baldermann, Juan C
%A Maier, Simon J
%A Nickel, Kathrin
%A Prüss, Harald
%A Coenen, Volker Arnd
%A Voderholzer, Ulrich
%A Domschke, Katharina
%A Tebartz van Elst, Ludger
%A Endres, Dominique
%T Secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 228 suspected cases.
%J Molecular psychiatry
%V 31
%N 2
%@ 1359-4184
%C [London]
%I Springer Nature
%M DZNE-2026-00079
%P 1121 - 1131
%D 2026
%X Secondary forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have clear underlying organic causes and are recognized as distinct nosological entities in the latest international classification systems. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of published cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted oriented on PRISMA criteria. Cases from case studies/series of patients with suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes and/or secondary obsessive-compulsive symptoms were included. Cases of obsessive-compulsive symptoms due to pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) were excluded. Overall, 228 cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes were identified from 189 publications. Causal factors included brain lesions (25.4
%K Adolescent
%K Adult
%K Child
%K Female
%K Humans
%K Male
%K Middle Aged
%K Autoimmune Diseases: complications
%K Brain
%K Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: etiology
%K Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: diagnosis
%K Streptococcal Infections
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%$ pmid:41436581
%2 pmc:PMC12815680
%R 10.1038/s41380-025-03395-1
%U https://pub.dzne.de/record/284044