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000284044 1001_ $$00000-0002-0263-4360$$aRunge, Kimon$$b0
000284044 245__ $$aSecondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 228 suspected cases.
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000284044 520__ $$aSecondary forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have clear underlying organic causes and are recognized as distinct nosological entities in the latest international classification systems. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of published cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted oriented on PRISMA criteria. Cases from case studies/series of patients with suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes and/or secondary obsessive-compulsive symptoms were included. Cases of obsessive-compulsive symptoms due to pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) were excluded. Overall, 228 cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes were identified from 189 publications. Causal factors included brain lesions (25.4%), genetic syndromes (24.1%), head trauma (12.3%), autoimmune-inflammatory processes (11.8%), tumors (8.3%), neurodegeneration (7.5%), seizures (4.8%), pathogens (3.9%), metabolic processes (1.3%), or other reasons (0.4%). The age of the affected patients varied considerably (mean 37.3 ± 21.2 years, range 4-94 years, n = 226). Diagnostic abnormalities were identified through brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging/computer tomography) in 66.2% of the sample and via blood analysis in 23.9%. In cases reporting the regions of the brain involvement, frontal lobe (34.3%) and the basal ganglia (26.5%) were mostly affected. The findings highlight a variety of suspected causes of secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes, most frequently brain lesions, genetic syndromes, head trauma, and autoimmune-inflammatory processes. Identifying secondary obsessive-compulsive symptoms informed personalized therapies in a subgroup of published cases.
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000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdolescent
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdult
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aChild
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMiddle Aged
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAutoimmune Diseases: complications
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aObsessive-Compulsive Disorder: etiology
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aObsessive-Compulsive Disorder: diagnosis
000284044 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aStreptococcal Infections
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0002-9436-1258$$aFeige, Bernd$$b1
000284044 7001_ $$aSchiele, Miriam A$$b2
000284044 7001_ $$avon Zedtwitz, Katharina$$b3
000284044 7001_ $$aMaier, Alexander$$b4
000284044 7001_ $$aStöcker, Nils$$b5
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0001-9408-5196$$aDressle, Raphael J$$b6
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0001-5851-9268$$aBaldermann, Juan C$$b7
000284044 7001_ $$aMaier, Simon J$$b8
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0001-9863-317X$$aNickel, Kathrin$$b9
000284044 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810931$$aPrüss, Harald$$b10
000284044 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9000878$$aCoenen, Volker Arnd$$b11
000284044 7001_ $$aVoderholzer, Ulrich$$b12
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0002-2550-9132$$aDomschke, Katharina$$b13
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0002-2274-5447$$aTebartz van Elst, Ludger$$b14
000284044 7001_ $$00000-0001-7322-1195$$aEndres, Dominique$$b15
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