TY  - JOUR
AU  - Runge, Kimon
AU  - Feige, Bernd
AU  - Schiele, Miriam A
AU  - von Zedtwitz, Katharina
AU  - Maier, Alexander
AU  - Stöcker, Nils
AU  - Dressle, Raphael J
AU  - Baldermann, Juan C
AU  - Maier, Simon J
AU  - Nickel, Kathrin
AU  - Prüss, Harald
AU  - Coenen, Volker Arnd
AU  - Voderholzer, Ulrich
AU  - Domschke, Katharina
AU  - Tebartz van Elst, Ludger
AU  - Endres, Dominique
TI  - Secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 228 suspected cases.
JO  - Molecular psychiatry
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SN  - 1359-4184
CY  - [London]
PB  - Springer Nature
M1  - DZNE-2026-00079
SP  - 1121 - 1131
PY  - 2026
AB  - Secondary forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have clear underlying organic causes and are recognized as distinct nosological entities in the latest international classification systems. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of published cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted oriented on PRISMA criteria. Cases from case studies/series of patients with suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes and/or secondary obsessive-compulsive symptoms were included. Cases of obsessive-compulsive symptoms due to pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) were excluded. Overall, 228 cases of suspected secondary obsessive-compulsive syndromes were identified from 189 publications. Causal factors included brain lesions (25.4
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Autoimmune Diseases: complications
KW  - Brain
KW  - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: etiology
KW  - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: diagnosis
KW  - Streptococcal Infections
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:41436581
C2  - pmc:PMC12815680
DO  - DOI:10.1038/s41380-025-03395-1
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/284044
ER  -