TY  - JOUR
AU  - Völker, Maja P
AU  - Callies, Carolin M
AU  - Frank, Josef
AU  - Foo, Jerome C
AU  - Reinhard, Iris
AU  - Zillich, Lea
AU  - Klinger-König, Johanna
AU  - Grabe, Hans
AU  - Beule, Achim G
AU  - Erhardt-Lehmann, Angelika
AU  - Pabst, Alexander
AU  - Riedel-Heller, Steffi G
AU  - Baune, Bernhard T
AU  - Trenkwalder, Claudia
AU  - Wagner, Michael
AU  - Krist, Lilian
AU  - Keil, Thomas
AU  - Pischon, Tobias
AU  - Nimptsch, Katharina
AU  - Schulze, Matthias B
AU  - Schmidt, Börge
AU  - Mikolajczyk, Rafael
AU  - Obi, Nadia
AU  - Harth, Volker
AU  - Klett-Tammen, Carolina J
AU  - Becher, Heiko
AU  - Greiser, Karin H
AU  - Karch, André
AU  - Schipf, Sabine
AU  - Meinke-Franze, Claudia
AU  - Bohmann, Patricia
AU  - Leitzmann, Michael
AU  - Brenner, Hermann
AU  - Mons, Ute
AU  - Schwarz, Emanuel
AU  - Berger, Klaus
AU  - Mata, Jutta
AU  - Witt, Stephanie H
AU  - Streit, Fabian
TI  - From cigarettes to symptoms: the association between smoking and depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO).
JO  - BMC public health
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SN  - 1471-2458
CY  - London
PB  - BioMed Central
M1  - DZNE-2026-00109
SP  - 301
PY  - 2025
AB  - Although the association between smoking and depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors remain insufficiently understood. We examined the association between smoking and depression, including detailed dose-response and timing-related relationships, using baseline data from a large population-based cohort, the German National Cohort (NAKO).The analysis comprised 173,890 participants (19-72 years, 50.21
KW  - Humans
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Adult
KW  - Germany: epidemiology
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Aged
KW  - Smoking: epidemiology
KW  - Smoking: psychology
KW  - Depression: epidemiology
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Young Adult
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Age of onset (Other)
KW  - Cigarette smoking (Other)
KW  - Depressive disorder (Other)
KW  - Smoking cessation (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:41413802
C2  - pmc:PMC12831396
DO  - DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-25959-0
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/284334
ER  -