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000285046 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1085-8725
000285046 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1097-6825
000285046 037__ $$aDZNE-2026-00170
000285046 041__ $$aEnglish
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000285046 1001_ $$aDirks, Johannes$$b0
000285046 245__ $$aEffect of gestational age on lymphocyte phenotypes in hospitalized preterm infants.
000285046 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier$$c2026
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000285046 520__ $$aPreterm infants exhibit an increased susceptibility to infections. To assess the contribution of adaptive immunity to this vulnerability, it is crucial to study its postnatal development.We sought to define profiles of adaptive immune-cell subsets in large cohorts of preterm infants, investigating the influence of gestational age (GA) and perinatal factors on their development.Two German tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit cohorts (cohort 1: n = 499; cohort 2: n = 78) of hospitalized preterm infants (GA, 22.9-36.4 weeks) underwent flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets within the first 49 days of life. MetadeconfoundR package was used to evaluate (confounding) effects of clinical conditions on lymphocyte profiles.GA at birth was a primary determinant of profiles of lymphocyte subsets. The most premature infants displayed persistently lower CD4+ TH-cell frequencies, an early transient increase in B cells, and a later expansion of natural killer cells (TH-low B-high natural killer-high phenotype). Detailed analysis revealed a less naive but more effector and regulatory CD4+ T-cell phenotype in preterm infants with lower GA at birth. Amniotic infection syndrome further accentuated this 'premature' immune profile, which was also more prevalent in infants with typical complications of prematurity. In contrast, female sex was associated with higher CD4+ TH-cell frequencies.This study provides a comprehensive characterization of adaptive immune development in hospitalized preterm infants during the first weeks of life, demonstrating a strong dependence on GA and modulation by perinatal factors. The identified distinct developmental profiles offer a valuable reference framework for interpreting immune phenotyping data and highlight potential associations between immunologic immaturity and clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$aAdaptive immunity
000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$aB cells
000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$aT(H) cells
000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$aamniotic infection syndrome
000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$apreterm infants
000285046 650_7 $$2Other$$asex
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInfant, Premature: immunology
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInfant, Newborn
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGestational Age
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPhenotype
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLymphocyte Subsets: immunology
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCohort Studies
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImmunophenotyping
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHospitalization
000285046 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aKiller Cells, Natural: immunology
000285046 7001_ $$aFortmann, Ingmar$$b1
000285046 7001_ $$aMarißen, Janina$$b2
000285046 7001_ $$aPagel, Julia$$b3
000285046 7001_ $$aReichert, Lilith$$b4
000285046 7001_ $$aKipke, Henry$$b5
000285046 7001_ $$aDammann, Marie-Theres$$b6
000285046 7001_ $$aGöpel, Wolfgang$$b7
000285046 7001_ $$aBirkner, Till$$b8
000285046 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001875$$aDahm, Kilian$$b9$$udzne
000285046 7001_ $$aForslund-Startceva, Sofia Kirke$$b10
000285046 7001_ $$aViemann, Dorothee$$b11
000285046 7001_ $$aRupp, Jan$$b12
000285046 7001_ $$aMorbach, Henner$$b13
000285046 7001_ $$aHärtel, Christoph$$b14
000285046 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2006613-2$$a10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.030$$gVol. 157, no. 2, p. 506 - 516$$n2$$p506 - 516$$tThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology$$v157$$x0091-6749$$y2026
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