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@ARTICLE{Saadmaan:285053,
      author       = {Saadmaan, Gazi and Dalmasso, Maria Carolina and Maria,
                      Maleeha and Lehtisalo, Jenni and Hiltunen, Mikko and
                      Kaikkonen, Minna U and Levälahti, Esko and Mangialasche,
                      Francesca and Perola, Markus and Ramirez, Alfredo and
                      Stephen, Ruth and Ngandu, Tiia and Kivipelto, Miia and
                      Solomon, Alina},
      title        = {{A}lzheimer and cardiovascular genetic scores and
                      cognition: the {FINGER} randomized controlled trial.},
      journal      = {Brain},
      volume       = {149},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0006-8950},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00177},
      pages        = {644 - 652},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Alzheimer's disease and coronary artery disease are common
                      late-life chronic conditions and share multiple risk
                      factors, including the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele. A
                      meta-analysis of two multidomain lifestyle intervention
                      trials found greater cognitive benefits in APOE4 carriers
                      compared with non-carriers. This study investigated the
                      impact of genetic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease and
                      coronary artery disease (AD-GRS, CAD-GRS) on cognition in
                      the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent
                      Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) randomized
                      controlled trial. FINGER included 1259 at-risk individuals
                      without dementia from the general population, aged 60-77
                      years. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a 2-year
                      multidomain lifestyle intervention or regular health advice.
                      The primary outcome was change in cognition based on a
                      modified Neuropsychological Test Battery (14 tests).
                      Previous comprehensive AD-GRS and CAD-GRS were calculated
                      using genome-wide association study data (1177 participants,
                      with 585 in the control and 592 in the intervention groups,
                      exploratory analysis). The intervention-control difference
                      in annual overall cognition change $(95\%$ confidence
                      interval) for participants with AD-GRS above/below the
                      median (i.e. higher/lower risk) was 0.032 (0.002-0.063)
                      versus 0.017 (-0.011 to 0.045), and for CAD-GRS above/below
                      the median was 0.031 (0.002 to 0.059) versus 0.016 (-0.012
                      to 0.044). AD-GRS or CAD-GRS were not significantly related
                      to the intervention effect overall (P > 0.46), but for
                      AD-GRS there were differences between females and males (P =
                      0.024). The intervention-control difference in annual
                      overall score change was 0.045 (0.004 to 0.087) for
                      higher-risk females, 0.003 (-0.040 to 0.047) for lower-risk
                      females, 0.019 (-0.026 to 0.064) for higher-risk males, and
                      0.027 (-0.009 to 0.064) for lower-risk males. People with
                      genetic susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease/dementia or
                      coronary artery disease can benefit from multidomain
                      lifestyle interventions. Although the findings for the
                      AD-GRS and CAD-GRS risk groups were similar to APOE4 carrier
                      status, with additional gender differences for AD-GRS, these
                      exploratory findings need to be verified across several
                      multidomain lifestyle trials to ensure adequate statistical
                      power and inclusion of genetically diverse populations.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Female / Aged / Middle Aged / Alzheimer
                      Disease: genetics / Alzheimer Disease: psychology /
                      Cognition: physiology / Neuropsychological Tests / Coronary
                      Artery Disease: genetics / Coronary Artery Disease:
                      psychology / Apolipoprotein E4: genetics / Genetic
                      Predisposition to Disease / Genome-Wide Association Study /
                      Cognitive Dysfunction: genetics / Risk Factors / Finland /
                      Life Style / Alzheimer’s disease (Other) / cognition
                      (Other) / genetic risk scores (Other) / multidomain
                      intervention (Other) / randomized controlled trial (Other) /
                      Apolipoprotein E4 (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {Patient Studies (Bonn)},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011101},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40747850},
      doi          = {10.1093/brain/awaf277},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285053},
}