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@ARTICLE{Ware:285161,
      author       = {Ware, Kierra and Peter, Joshua and Yazell, Jake and Thapa,
                      Christina and Taranov, Aleksandr and Bedolla, Alicia and
                      Distel, Claire and Lammich, Sven and Feederle, Regina and
                      Sülzen, Alice and Liddelow, Shane and Roskin, Krishna and
                      Luo, Yu},
      title        = {{I}nhibition of {TGF}-β signaling in microglia stimulates
                      hippocampal adult neurogenesis and reduces anxiety-like
                      behavior in adult mice.},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00183},
      pages        = {1440},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) has been
                      implicated in cognitive and affective functions. The role of
                      neuroinflammation and reactive microglia in SGZ neurogenesis
                      is not well understood. TGF-β signaling is critical to
                      maintaining microglia homeostasis in the adult brain. To
                      investigate the role of microglia in SGZ neurogenesis, using
                      microglia-specific inducible knockout (iKO) mice for TGF-β1
                      ligand or receptor (Alk5 or Tgfbr2), here we show that
                      TGF-β-deficient microglia increase adult neurogenesis in
                      the SGZ, accompanied by altered anxiety-like behavior in KO
                      mice. Single-cell RNAseq (ScRNAseq) analysis shows decreased
                      PTEN signaling, and immunohistochemistry shows increased
                      mTOR activity in DCX+ newly born neuroblasts at the SGZ in
                      iKO mice. Inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin reverses
                      the heightened SGZ neurogenesis in iKO mice. This study
                      reveals the role of microglia in regulating hippocampal
                      adult neurogenesis via the PTEN-mTOR pathway and its
                      potential implications for behavioral and affective
                      functions.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Microglia: metabolism / Microglia: drug effects /
                      Neurogenesis: physiology / Neurogenesis: drug effects /
                      Neurogenesis: genetics / Anxiety: metabolism / Anxiety:
                      genetics / PTEN Phosphohydrolase: metabolism / Hippocampus:
                      metabolism / Hippocampus: cytology / Signal Transduction:
                      drug effects / Mice, Knockout / TOR Serine-Threonine
                      Kinases: metabolism / Mice / Doublecortin Protein /
                      Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II: genetics
                      / Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II:
                      metabolism / Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type
                      I: genetics / Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type
                      I: metabolism / Male / Transforming Growth Factor beta:
                      metabolism / Behavior, Animal / Mice, Inbred C57BL /
                      Sirolimus: pharmacology / Transforming Growth Factor beta1:
                      metabolism / Transforming Growth Factor beta1: genetics /
                      PTEN Phosphohydrolase (NLM Chemicals) / TOR Serine-Threonine
                      Kinases (NLM Chemicals) / mTOR protein, mouse (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Doublecortin Protein (NLM Chemicals) / Pten
                      protein, mouse (NLM Chemicals) / Dcx protein, mouse (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type
                      II (NLM Chemicals) / Receptor, Transforming Growth
                      Factor-beta Type I (NLM Chemicals) / Tgfbr2 protein, mouse
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Transforming Growth Factor beta (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Sirolimus (NLM Chemicals) / Tgfbr1 protein,
                      mouse (NLM Chemicals) / Transforming Growth Factor beta1
                      (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Feederle},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1140004},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41663429},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12886940},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41467-026-68885-4},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285161},
}