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@ARTICLE{Stolp:285255,
      author       = {Stolp, Laura and Mandke, Kanad N and Mediano, Pedro Am and
                      Gellersen, Helena M and Swartz, Alex and Rudzka, Katarzyna
                      and Simons, Jon and Bekinschtein, Tristan A and Bor, Daniel},
      title        = {{I}nformational complexity as a neural marker of cognitive
                      reserve.},
      journal      = {Brain and cognition},
      volume       = {193},
      issn         = {0278-2626},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00197},
      pages        = {106392},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {In Alzheimer's disease (AD), a mismatch between
                      neurological damage and cognitive functioning often is
                      attributed to individual differences in cognitive reserve.
                      Understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve,
                      which may differ across individuals, could help to assess
                      the therapeutic effectiveness of interventions in AD. Here,
                      38 elderly participants performed a sustained attention task
                      during high-density EEG while alert and drowsy. We defined
                      cognitive reserve operationally as the ability to maintain
                      task performance under drowsiness, with less impairment
                      indicating higher reserve. Investigating performance
                      variations during the active management of neural challenges
                      offers a novel approach to studying cognitive reserve,
                      capturing dynamics that mirror everyday cognitive demand. We
                      relate performance under neural strain to various measures,
                      including informational complexity using the Lempel-Ziv
                      (LZsum) algorithm. We found a significant interaction
                      between arousal and performance: LZsum values increased in
                      high performers when drowsy but decreased in low performers.
                      This effect was most pronounced in the frontal and central
                      areas. These findings suggest LZsum reflects a compensatory
                      mechanism and has potential as a neural marker of cognitive
                      reserve. Additional structural MRI and network analyses
                      revealed performance-related associations in entorhinal
                      cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and frontoparietal networks,
                      suggesting broader neural correlates of compensatory
                      capacity.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Cognitive Reserve: physiology / Male / Female /
                      Aged / Electroencephalography / Attention: physiology /
                      Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Aged, 80 and over / Brain:
                      physiology / Brain: diagnostic imaging / Alzheimer’s
                      Disease (Other) / Cognitive reserve (Other) / EEG Experiment
                      (Other) / Informational complexity (Other) / Neural Marker
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Berron},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000070},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41494311},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106392},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285255},
}