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000285349 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9002138$$aBuchholz, Maresa$$b0$$eFirst author
000285349 245__ $$aExamining the face validity of the EQ-HWB-9 in dementia: caregiver interpretation across 'Today' and '7-Day' recall periods.
000285349 260__ $$aLondon$$bBioMed Central$$c2026
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000285349 520__ $$aThis study aimed to assess the face validity of the EQ Health and Wellbeing 9 (EQ-HWB-9) for use as a proxy by informal caregivers of community-dwelling people living with dementia (PlwD). It explored how caregivers understand and interpret the EQ-HWB-9 items when using two different recall periods (today vs. 7-days).Qualitative interviews were conducted with 73 informal caregivers of PlwD in Germany. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two recall period groups of the EQ-HWB-9 ('today' vs. '7 days'), and underwent an interview, designed to evaluate the appropriateness of the EQ-HWB-9. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Caregivers were, on average, 70.6 years old and mainly female (72.6%). Most caregivers found the EQ-HWB-9 acceptable, highlighting its broad health coverage, clear structure, and suitability of the five-point response scale. Criticisms included the brevity and insufficient depth to capture the PlwD's health status fully. Caregivers tended to focus on observable aspects, such as daily activities, concentration, and mobility, while internal states, like loneliness, sadness, and anxiety, were more challenging to assess, often relying on indirect cues. The 7-day recall period was associated with lower adherence and more frequent deviations from recall instructions compared to the 'Today' recall. Overall, caregivers adhered well to the instructed proxy-proxy perspective but reported uncertainty in selecting the most appropriate responses.The EQ-HWB-9 is generally acceptable and feasible for proxy assessments in PlwD. However, challenges regarding recall periods, proxy interpretation, and response certainty require further investigation.
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000285349 650_7 $$2Other$$aDementia
000285349 650_7 $$2Other$$aEQ-HWB-9
000285349 650_7 $$2Other$$aHealth fluctuations
000285349 650_7 $$2Other$$aInformal caregivers
000285349 650_7 $$2Other$$aProxy-proxy perspective
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCaregivers: psychology
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDementia: psychology
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAged
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMiddle Aged
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMental Recall
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGermany
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aReproducibility of Results
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aQualitative Research
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSurveys and Questionnaires: standards
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInterviews as Topic
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aQuality of Life: psychology
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAged, 80 and over
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aActivities of Daily Living
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPsychometrics
000285349 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHealth Status
000285349 7001_ $$aEngel, Lidia$$b1
000285349 7001_ $$aXie, Feng$$b2
000285349 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810763$$aMichalowsky, Bernhard$$b3$$eLast author$$udzne
000285349 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2098765-1$$a10.1186/s12955-026-02478-z$$gVol. 24, no. 1, p. 22$$n1$$p22$$tHealth and quality of life outcomes$$v24$$x1477-7525$$y2026
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