TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchholz, Maresa
AU  - Engel, Lidia
AU  - Xie, Feng
AU  - Michalowsky, Bernhard
TI  - Examining the face validity of the EQ-HWB-9 in dementia: caregiver interpretation across 'Today' and '7-Day' recall periods.
JO  - Health and quality of life outcomes
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SN  - 1477-7525
CY  - London
PB  - BioMed Central
M1  - DZNE-2026-00215
SP  - 22
PY  - 2026
AB  - This study aimed to assess the face validity of the EQ Health and Wellbeing 9 (EQ-HWB-9) for use as a proxy by informal caregivers of community-dwelling people living with dementia (PlwD). It explored how caregivers understand and interpret the EQ-HWB-9 items when using two different recall periods (today vs. 7-days).Qualitative interviews were conducted with 73 informal caregivers of PlwD in Germany. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two recall period groups of the EQ-HWB-9 ('today' vs. '7 days'), and underwent an interview, designed to evaluate the appropriateness of the EQ-HWB-9. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Caregivers were, on average, 70.6 years old and mainly female (72.6
KW  - Humans
KW  - Female
KW  - Caregivers: psychology
KW  - Dementia: psychology
KW  - Male
KW  - Aged
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mental Recall
KW  - Germany
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Surveys and Questionnaires: standards
KW  - Interviews as Topic
KW  - Quality of Life: psychology
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Dementia (Other)
KW  - EQ-HWB-9 (Other)
KW  - Health fluctuations (Other)
KW  - Informal caregivers (Other)
KW  - Proxy-proxy perspective (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:41606591
C2  - pmc:PMC12924600
DO  - DOI:10.1186/s12955-026-02478-z
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/285349
ER  -