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000285453 1001_ $$00000-0002-0960-6274$$aKonstantoulea, Katerina$$b0
000285453 245__ $$aPhagocytes as plaque catalysts: Human macrophages generate seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils with cross-seeding activity.
000285453 260__ $$aWashington, DC$$bNational Acad. of Sciences$$c2026
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000285453 520__ $$aThe prevailing view frames microglia and macrophages as guardians against amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we overturn this paradigm by demonstrating that human phagocytic cells, including differentiated THP-1 macrophages and hESC-derived microglia, are not merely passive responders but active producers of extracellular, seeding-competent Aβ42 fibrils, the amyloid species most strongly linked to parenchymal plaque formation and neurodegeneration. These cell-generated aggregates differ structurally and functionally from synthetic fibrils, displaying enhanced seeding and tau cross-seeding activity in biosensor models. Notably, Aβ42 fibril formation in this system requires active cellular processes and is exacerbated by loss of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a major AD risk gene. Transcriptomic profiling reveals an early inflammatory response resembling microglial states observed in human AD models. Together, these findings support emerging evidence from in vivo studies that macrophages and microglia can influence amyloid seeding and introduce a human-relevant in vitro platform to explore how Aβ aggregation intersects with innate immune function and genetic risk. Our results reinforce the concept that microglia may play a dual role in AD, acting both as responders and inadvertent facilitators of amyloid assembly, with implications for early therapeutic intervention.
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000285453 650_7 $$2Other$$aAb42
000285453 650_7 $$2Other$$aAlzheimer’s disease
000285453 650_7 $$2Other$$aTREM2
000285453 650_7 $$2Other$$amicroglia
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-9417-4196$$aRamakers, Meine$$b1
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-6880-772X$$aBorrie, Sarah C$$b2
000285453 7001_ $$aT'Syen, Dries$$b3
000285453 7001_ $$aMoechars, Daan$$b4
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-5016-4949$$aSliwinska, Malgorzata A$$b5
000285453 7001_ $$aPradhan, Brajabandhu$$b6
000285453 7001_ $$aAlbertini, Giulia$$b7
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-2246-3669$$aBaligács, Nóra$$b8
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-8896-4191$$aTsaka, Grigoria$$b9
000285453 7001_ $$aHouben, Bert$$b10
000285453 7001_ $$aFiers, Mark$$b11
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0003-1584-3564$$aGallardo, Rodrigo$$b12
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-3138-281X$$aDewilde, Maarten$$b13
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-1036-1075$$aThal, Dietmar Rudolf$$b14
000285453 7001_ $$aWillem, Michael$$b15
000285453 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811021$$aNeher, Jonas J$$b16$$udzne
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0001-5455-5819$$aDe Strooper, Bart$$b17
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0002-9189-7399$$aRousseau, Frederic$$b18
000285453 7001_ $$00000-0003-2020-0168$$aSchymkowitz, Joost$$b19
000285453 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1461794-8$$a10.1073/pnas.2516774123$$gVol. 123, no. 10, p. e2516774123$$n10$$pe2516774123$$tProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America$$v123$$x0027-8424$$y2026
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