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@ARTICLE{Oeckl:285455,
      author       = {Oeckl, Patrick and Abu-Rumeileh, Samir and Weise,
                      Christopher M and Otto, Markus},
      collaboration = {Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging},
      title        = {{L}ongitudinal changes of blood β-synuclein in cognitively
                      unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment and sporadic
                      {A}lzheimer´s disease.},
      journal      = {Alzheimer's research $\&$ therapy},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1758-9193},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00237},
      pages        = {45},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {β-Synuclein is an emerging synaptic blood biomarker for
                      Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive
                      impairment, brain atrophy and amyloid/tau pathology.
                      Longitudinal data from individual patients are missing so
                      far but are important to evaluate how changes of
                      β-synuclein might be used in early diagnosis, prediction,
                      disease progression and treatment monitoring.In this
                      observational study, we investigated serum β-synuclein by
                      immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) in 463
                      participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
                      Initiative (ADNI) including clinically diagnosed cognitively
                      unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia
                      subjects with ≥ 1 follow-up samples for 235 individuals
                      and clinical follow-up for up to 19 years. CSF AD biomarker
                      levels were available for 194 participants.Participants
                      $(40.0\%$ female, n = 185) had a mean (± SD) age of 76.2 ±
                      6.7 years. The cross-sectional group comparison yielded
                      higher β-synuclein levels in MCI and AD dementia compared
                      with CU and in AD dementia vs MCI patients. Mean follow-up
                      time of longitudinal serum samples was 2.3 ± 1.2 years. The
                      longitudinal data indicate that β-synuclein levels are
                      dynamic during all stages of the AD continuum (CU, MCI,
                      dementia) with substantial inter-individual variation.
                      β-Synuclein predicted MCI-to-dementia conversion and future
                      cognitive decline and it performed better in discrimination
                      of AD dementia patients than CSF neurogranin.Our
                      longitudinal data support the use of serum β-synuclein
                      levels for prediction of future cognitive decline and
                      MCI-to-dementia conversion but needing confirmation. Further
                      studies with biologically and clinically defined
                      participants must verify the trajectories of β-synuclein
                      during the AD continuum.The online version contains
                      supplementary material available at
                      10.1186/s13195-026-01973-1.},
      keywords     = {Blood biomarker (Other) / Longitudinal observation (Other)
                      / Mild cognitive impairment (Other) / Sporadic Alzheimer´s
                      disease (Other) / Synaptic degeneration (Other) /
                      β-synuclein (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Öckl},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000073},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41673920},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12930813},
      doi          = {10.1186/s13195-026-01973-1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285455},
}