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@ARTICLE{Liu:285915,
      author       = {Liu, Jinlong and Krauss, Jonas and Purrer, Veronika and
                      Borger, Valeri and Essler, Markus and Radbruch, Alexander
                      and Wüllner, Ullrich and Upadhyay, Neeraj and Boecker,
                      Henning},
      title        = {{F}unctional network reorganization following
                      {VIM}-{MR}g{FUS} for essential tremor.},
      journal      = {Neurotherapeutics},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1933-7213},
      address      = {[Amsterdam]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier B.V.},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00361},
      pages        = {e00864},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a
                      promising, noninvasive therapeutic approach for essential
                      tremor (ET), yet the effects of the respective lesions on
                      functional brain network organization remain poorly
                      understood. Here, we performed graph theory analysis to
                      investigate changes in small-world properties and modular
                      architecture in ET patients six months after unilateral
                      MRgFUS of the thalamic ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus.
                      Small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient
                      increased significantly after MRgFUS, while clustering
                      coefficient, characteristic path length, normalized
                      characteristic path length, global efficiency, and local
                      efficiency remained unchanged. Modular organization was
                      largely preserved, but trend-level enhancements in
                      inter-modular connectivity were observed between
                      frontoparietal and subcortical modules, as well as between
                      frontoparietal and frontotemporal-parietal modules. Within
                      these modules, betweenness centrality increased
                      significantly in specific cortical hubs, including the left
                      superior frontal gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, and
                      left postcentral gyrus. These findings indicate that
                      unilateral VIM-MRgFUS induces selective functional network
                      reorganization, particularly affecting relative clustering
                      and nodal centrality patterns.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Essential Tremor: diagnostic imaging / Essential
                      Tremor: therapy / Essential Tremor: physiopathology /
                      Essential Tremor: surgery / Male / Female / Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging: methods / Middle Aged / Aged / Ventral
                      Thalamic Nuclei: diagnostic imaging / Ventral Thalamic
                      Nuclei: surgery / Nerve Net: diagnostic imaging / Brain
                      networks (Other) / Essential tremor (Other) / Graph theory
                      analysis (Other) / MRgFUS (Other) / Ventral intermediate
                      nucleus (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Boecker / Clinical Research (Bonn) / AG Radbruch / AG
                      Wüllner / Patient Studies (Bonn)},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011202 / I:(DE-2719)1011001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000075 / I:(DE-2719)1011302 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011101},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41764014},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12993401},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00864},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285915},
}