000285916 001__ 285916 000285916 005__ 20260407160435.0 000285916 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41582-025-01180-w 000285916 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:41927938 000285916 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1759-4758 000285916 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1745-834X 000285916 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1745-8358 000285916 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1759-4766 000285916 037__ $$aDZNE-2026-00362 000285916 041__ $$aEnglish 000285916 082__ $$a610 000285916 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001514$$aScheitz, Jan F$$b0 000285916 245__ $$aBidirectional brain-heart interactions in health and disease. 000285916 260__ $$aLondon$$bMacmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature$$c2026 000285916 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000285916 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000285916 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1775570526_5946$$xReview Article 000285916 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000285916 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000285916 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000285916 520__ $$aThe brain and heart constantly communicate with each other to adapt to changes in the environment. In recent years, we have seen increasing recognition that brain-heart interactions influence many cognitive and behavioural functions, and that disturbances in this bidirectional relationship can have detrimental effects on both organs. Clinically, such disturbances can manifest as cardiac dysfunction following acute psychological stress or a brain injury such as acute ischaemic stroke, or as cognitive disorders in patients with acute or chronic heart disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the physiological interaction between the heart and the brain and show how injury or dysfunction in one of these organs can lead to dysfunction in the other. We describe the current state of knowledge on neuronal correlates and humoral mediators of brain-heart interactions, as well as state-of-the-art methods for studying these interactions. We highlight the clinical implications of disturbances in physiological brain-heart communication for various clinical conditions, including Takotsubo syndrome resulting from emotional stress or from brain disorders, cardiac complications after stroke (so-called stroke-heart syndrome), and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiac diseases such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In addition, we address sex and gender differences in this bidirectional relationship. 000285916 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353$$a353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)$$cPOF4-353$$fPOF IV$$x0 000285916 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: pub.dzne.de 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: physiology 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: physiopathology 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHeart Diseases: physiopathology 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHeart: physiology 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHeart: physiopathology 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals 000285916 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aStress, Psychological: physiopathology 000285916 7001_ $$aVillringer, Arno$$b1 000285916 7001_ $$aMikail, Nidaa$$b2 000285916 7001_ $$aGebhard, Catherine$$b3 000285916 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811033$$aEndres, Matthias$$b4$$eLast author 000285916 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2491518-X$$a10.1038/s41582-025-01180-w$$gVol. 22, no. 4, p. 209 - 225$$n4$$p209 - 225$$tNature reviews / Neurology$$v22$$x1759-4758$$y2026 000285916 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/285916/files/DZNE-2026-00362_Restricted.pdf 000285916 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/285916/files/DZNE-2026-00362_Restricted.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa 000285916 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588)1065079516$$6P:(DE-2719)2811033$$aDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen$$b4$$kDZNE 000285916 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-350$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bGesundheit$$lNeurodegenerative Diseases$$vClinical and Health Care Research$$x0 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0420$$2StatID$$aNationallizenz$$d2025-01-02$$wger 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)3003$$2StatID$$aDEAL Nature$$d2025-01-02$$wger 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0600$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEbsco Academic Search$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bASC$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1110$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Clinical Medicine$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2025-01-02 000285916 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2025-01-02 000285916 9201_ $$0I:(DE-2719)1811005$$kAG Endres$$lInterdisciplinary Dementia Research$$x0 000285916 980__ $$ajournal 000285916 980__ $$aEDITORS 000285916 980__ $$aVDBINPRINT 000285916 980__ $$aI:(DE-2719)1811005 000285916 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED