% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Pietrock:285917,
      author       = {Pietrock, Charlotte and Neumann, Konrad and Rentzsch,
                      Kristin and Prüss, Harald and Meisel, Andreas and Endres,
                      Matthias and Nave, Alexander Heinrich},
      title        = {{N}euronal autoantibodies associated with poorer
                      neuropsychological and motor outcomes 6 months after stroke:
                      results from the {PHYS}-{STROKE} trial.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in immunology},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {1664-3224},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00363},
      pages        = {1678840},
      year         = {2026},
      note         = {Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01953549},
      abstract     = {Emerging evidence suggests a role of neuronal
                      autoantibodies (nAbs) for long-term stroke outcomes.
                      However, data remain limited and many domains unexamined. We
                      present a comprehensive analysis of nAbs and their
                      association with a broad range of outcome measures at
                      multiple timepoints in the six months following moderate
                      stroke.In this explorative analysis of the multicenter,
                      randomized-controlled PHYS-STROKE trial, serum samples from
                      stroke patients were tested for 40 nAbs at baseline (5-45
                      days post-stroke), post-intervention (4 weeks after
                      baseline), and at three and six months after stroke.
                      Generalized estimating equation (GEE)-models were used to
                      evaluate the dynamics of nAbs over time. Multiple linear
                      regression models were applied to investigate the prognostic
                      role of nAbs on various outcomes at three and six months.Two
                      hundred stroke patients $(41\%$ female; mean age: 69 ± 12
                      years, median acute National Institutes of Health Stroke
                      Scale: 8) were enrolled. Cell-based seroreactivity decreased
                      from baseline to six months (39 of 183 patients $[21\%]$ vs.
                      18 of 137 patients $[13\%]).$ while tissue-based reactivity
                      increased (4 of 183 patients $[2\%]$ vs. 9 of 137 patients
                      $[7\%]).$ The GEE applied to the imputed dataset indicated a
                      statistically significant decreased likelihood of
                      seroreactive nAbs in cell-based assays from baseline to six
                      months $(95\%CI$ = 0.36 to 0.98; p = 0.041), while
                      tissue-based analyses showed an inverse effect for the same
                      time period $(95\%CI$ = 1.11 to 8.51; p = 0.032). The most
                      frequently detected antibody was anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
                      receptor GluN1 (NMDAR (IgM, IgA, IgG), 30 patients
                      $[15.1\%]).$ Baseline nAB seropositivity was associated with
                      worse depression scores $(95\%CI$ = 0.03 to 7.82; p = 0.048)
                      and poorer subjective mobility $(95\%CI=0.04$ to 0.99; p =
                      0.033) at six months post-stroke. NMDAR-antibodies at
                      baseline were linked to a lower subjective overall health
                      rating $(95\%CI$ = -17.96 to -0.16; p = 0.046) and lower
                      maximum walking speed $(95\%CI$ = -0.57 to -0.03; p = 0.027)
                      at six months. No associations were found with outcomes at
                      three months.Antibody seropositivity was associated with
                      poorer outcomes in certain neuropsychological and motor
                      outcome measures at six but not three months post-stroke.
                      These findings require confirmation in larger cohorts and
                      emphasize the need for future studies with longer follow-up
                      periods in this patient population.clinicaltrials.gov
                      NCT01953549.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Autoantibodies: blood / Autoantibodies: immunology
                      / Female / Male / Aged / Stroke: immunology / Stroke: blood
                      / Stroke: psychology / Middle Aged / Neurons: immunology /
                      Aged, 80 and over / Prognosis / Neuropsychological Tests /
                      Biomarkers: blood / NMDAR (Other) / biomarker (Other) /
                      neuroimmunology (Other) / neuronal autoantibodies (Other) /
                      outcome (Other) / recovery (Other) / stroke (Other) /
                      Autoantibodies (NLM Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Prüß / AG Endres},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1810003 / I:(DE-2719)1811005},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41929475},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC13038563},
      doi          = {10.3389/fimmu.2025.1678840},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/285917},
}