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000136407 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/nm.2600
000136407 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:22198277
000136407 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1078-8956
000136407 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1546-170X
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000136407 037__ $$aDZNE-2020-02729
000136407 041__ $$aEnglish
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000136407 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aErtürk, Ali$$b0
000136407 245__ $$aThree-dimensional imaging of the unsectioned adult spinal cord to assess axon regeneration and glial responses after injury.
000136407 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$bNature America Inc.$$c2012
000136407 264_1 $$2Crossref$$3online$$bSpringer Science and Business Media LLC$$c2011-12-25
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000136407 520__ $$aStudying regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is hampered by current histological and imaging techniques because they provide only partial information about axonal and glial reactions. Here we developed a tetrahydrofuran-based clearing procedure that renders fixed and unsectioned adult CNS tissue transparent and fully penetrable for optical imaging. In large spinal cord segments, we imaged fluorescently labeled cells by 'ultramicroscopy' and two-photon microscopy without the need for histological sectioning. We found that more than a year after injury growth-competent axons regenerated abundantly through the injury site. A few growth-incompetent axons could also regenerate when they bypassed the lesion. Moreover, we accurately determined quantitative changes of glial cells after spinal cord injury. Thus, clearing CNS tissue enables an unambiguous evaluation of axon regeneration and glial reactions. Our clearing procedure also renders other organs transparent, which makes this approach useful for a large number of preclinical paradigms.
000136407 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-341$$a341 - Molecular Signaling (POF3-341)$$cPOF3-341$$fPOF III$$x0
000136407 542__ $$2Crossref$$i2011-12-25$$uhttp://www.springer.com/tdm
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000136407 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aFurans
000136407 650_7 $$03N8FZZ6PY4$$2NLM Chemicals$$atetrahydrofuran
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAxons: physiology
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAxons: ultrastructure
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFurans: chemistry
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aImaging, Three-Dimensional: methods
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMice
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicroglia: physiology
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicroglia: ultrastructure
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicroscopy, Confocal: methods
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSpinal Cord Injuries: physiopathology
000136407 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSpinal Cord Regeneration
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMauch, Christoph P$$b1
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810276$$aHellal, Farida$$b2
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFörstner, Friedrich$$b3
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKeck, Tara$$b4
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBecker, Klaus$$b5
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJährling, Nina$$b6
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSteffens, Heinz$$b7
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRichter, Melanie$$b8
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHübener, Mark$$b9
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKramer, Edgar$$b10
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKirchhoff, Frank$$b11
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDodt, Hans Ulrich$$b12
000136407 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810270$$aBradke, Frank$$b13$$eLast author
000136407 77318 $$2Crossref$$3journal-article$$a10.1038/nm.2600$$b : Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2011-12-25$$n1$$p166-171$$tNature Medicine$$v18$$x1078-8956$$y2011
000136407 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1484517-9$$a10.1038/nm.2600$$gVol. 18, no. 1, p. 166 - 171$$n1$$p166 - 171$$q18:1<166 - 171$$tNature medicine$$v18$$x1078-8956$$y2012
000136407 8564_ $$uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nm.2600
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