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@ARTICLE{Ertrk:136407,
      author       = {Ertürk, Ali and Mauch, Christoph P and Hellal, Farida and
                      Förstner, Friedrich and Keck, Tara and Becker, Klaus and
                      Jährling, Nina and Steffens, Heinz and Richter, Melanie and
                      Hübener, Mark and Kramer, Edgar and Kirchhoff, Frank and
                      Dodt, Hans Ulrich and Bradke, Frank},
      title        = {{T}hree-dimensional imaging of the unsectioned adult spinal
                      cord to assess axon regeneration and glial responses after
                      injury.},
      journal      = {Nature medicine},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1078-8956},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Nature America Inc.},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-02729},
      pages        = {166 - 171},
      year         = {2012},
      abstract     = {Studying regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS)
                      is hampered by current histological and imaging techniques
                      because they provide only partial information about axonal
                      and glial reactions. Here we developed a
                      tetrahydrofuran-based clearing procedure that renders fixed
                      and unsectioned adult CNS tissue transparent and fully
                      penetrable for optical imaging. In large spinal cord
                      segments, we imaged fluorescently labeled cells by
                      'ultramicroscopy' and two-photon microscopy without the need
                      for histological sectioning. We found that more than a year
                      after injury growth-competent axons regenerated abundantly
                      through the injury site. A few growth-incompetent axons
                      could also regenerate when they bypassed the lesion.
                      Moreover, we accurately determined quantitative changes of
                      glial cells after spinal cord injury. Thus, clearing CNS
                      tissue enables an unambiguous evaluation of axon
                      regeneration and glial reactions. Our clearing procedure
                      also renders other organs transparent, which makes this
                      approach useful for a large number of preclinical
                      paradigms.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Axons: physiology / Axons: ultrastructure /
                      Furans: chemistry / Imaging, Three-Dimensional: methods /
                      Mice / Microglia: physiology / Microglia: ultrastructure /
                      Microscopy, Confocal: methods / Spinal Cord Injuries:
                      physiopathology / Spinal Cord Regeneration / Furans (NLM
                      Chemicals) / tetrahydrofuran (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Bradke},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013002},
      pnm          = {341 - Molecular Signaling (POF3-341)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-341},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22198277},
      doi          = {10.1038/nm.2600},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/136407},
}