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@ARTICLE{Dichter:137330,
      author       = {Dichter, Martin and Schwab, Christian G G and Meyer,
                      Gabriele and Bartholomeyczik, Sabine and Dortmann, Olga and
                      Halek, Margareta},
      title        = {{M}easuring the quality of life in mild to very severe
                      dementia: testing the inter-rater and intra-rater
                      reliability of the {G}erman version of the {QUALIDEM}.},
      journal      = {International psychogeriatrics},
      volume       = {26},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1041-6102},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-03652},
      pages        = {825-836},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Quality of life (Qol) is an increasingly used outcome
                      measure in dementia research. The QUALIDEM is a
                      dementia-specific and proxy-rated Qol instrument. We aimed
                      to determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in
                      residents with dementia in German nursing homes.The QUALIDEM
                      consists of nine subscales that were applied to a sample of
                      108 people with mild to severe dementia and six consecutive
                      subscales that were applied to a sample of 53 people with
                      very severe dementia. The proxy raters were 49 registered
                      nurses and nursing assistants. Inter-rater and intra-rater
                      reliability scores were calculated on the subscale and item
                      level.None of the QUALIDEM subscales showed strong
                      inter-rater reliability based on the single-measure
                      Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for absolute
                      agreement ≥ 0.70. Based on the average-measure ICC for
                      four raters, eight subscales for people with mild to severe
                      dementia (care relationship, positive affect, negative
                      affect, restless tense behavior, social relations, social
                      isolation, feeling at home and having something to do) and
                      five subscales for very severe dementia (care relationship,
                      negative affect, restless tense behavior, social relations
                      and social isolation) yielded a strong inter-rater agreement
                      (ICC: 0.72-0.86). All of the QUALIDEM subscales, regardless
                      of dementia severity, showed strong intra-rater agreement.
                      The ICC values ranged between 0.70 and 0.79 for people with
                      mild to severe dementia and between 0.75 and 0.87 for people
                      with very severe dementia.This study demonstrated
                      insufficient inter-rater reliability and sufficient
                      intra-rater reliability for all subscales of both versions
                      of the German QUALIDEM. The degree of inter-rater
                      reliability can be improved by collaborative Qol rating by
                      more than one nurse. The development of a measurement manual
                      with accurate item definitions and a standardized education
                      program for proxy raters is recommended.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Consumer Behavior: statistics $\&$ numerical data /
                      Dementia: diagnosis / Dementia: epidemiology / Dementia:
                      psychology / Dementia: therapy / Female / Geriatric
                      Assessment: methods / Germany: epidemiology / Homes for the
                      Aged: standards / Humans / Long-Term Care: methods /
                      Long-Term Care: psychology / Long-Term Care: standards /
                      Male / Nursing Homes: standards / Outcome Assessment, Health
                      Care / Proxy: psychology / Proxy: statistics $\&$ numerical
                      data / Psychometrics: methods / Quality of Life /
                      Reproducibility of Results / Severity of Illness Index /
                      Surveys and Questionnaires},
      cin          = {AG Halek / AG Roes},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1610001 / I:(DE-2719)1610003},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24507554},
      doi          = {10.1017/S1041610214000052},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/137330},
}