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@ARTICLE{Dannenberg:138023,
      author       = {Dannenberg, Holger and Pabst, Milan and Braganza, Oliver
                      and Schoch, Susanne and Niediek, Johannes and Bayraktar,
                      Melike and Mormann, Florian and Beck, Heinz},
      title        = {{S}ynergy of direct and indirect cholinergic
                      septo-hippocampal pathways coordinates firing in hippocampal
                      networks.},
      journal      = {The journal of neuroscience},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {0270-6474},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.57413},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04345},
      pages        = {8394-8410},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The medial septum/diagonal band of Broca complex (MSDB) is
                      a key structure that modulates hippocampal rhythmogenesis.
                      Cholinergic neurons of the MSDB play a central role in
                      generating and pacing theta-band oscillations in the
                      hippocampal formation during exploration, novelty detection,
                      and memory encoding. How precisely cholinergic neurons
                      affect hippocampal network dynamics in vivo, however, has
                      remained elusive. In this study, we show that stimulation of
                      cholinergic MSDB neurons in urethane-anesthetized mice acts
                      on hippocampal networks via two distinct pathways. A direct
                      septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection causes increased
                      firing of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons with
                      concomitantly decreased firing of principal cells. In
                      addition, cholinergic neurons recruit noncholinergic neurons
                      within the MSDB. This indirect pathway is required for
                      hippocampal theta synchronization. Activation of both
                      pathways causes a reduction in pyramidal neuron firing and a
                      more precise coupling to the theta oscillatory phase. These
                      two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways are
                      likely relevant for cholinergic control of encoding versus
                      retrieval modes in the hippocampus.},
      keywords     = {Acetylcholine: metabolism / Action Potentials: genetics /
                      Animals / Channelrhodopsins / Choline O-Acetyltransferase:
                      genetics / Choline O-Acetyltransferase: metabolism /
                      Cholinergic Neurons: drug effects / Cholinergic Neurons:
                      physiology / Dependovirus: genetics / Heart Rate: drug
                      effects / Heart Rate: genetics / Hippocampus: cytology /
                      Hippocampus: physiology / Mice / Mice, Transgenic / Neural
                      Pathways: drug effects / Neural Pathways: physiology /
                      Neurons: physiology / Parvalbumins: genetics / Parvalbumins:
                      metabolism / Photic Stimulation / Photoacoustic Techniques /
                      Septal Nuclei: physiology / Theta Rhythm: genetics / Theta
                      Rhythm: physiology / Time Factors / Transduction, Genetic /
                      Channelrhodopsins (NLM Chemicals) / Parvalbumins (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Choline O-Acetyltransferase (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Acetylcholine (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {U Preclinical Researchers - Bonn},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)7000005},
      pnm          = {342 - Disease Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26041909},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6605336},
      doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4460-14.2015},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138023},
}