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@ARTICLE{Hllerhage:138284,
      author       = {Höllerhage, Matthias and Rösler, Thomas W and Berjas,
                      Magda and Luo, Rensheng and Tran, Kevin and Richards, Kristy
                      M and Sabaa-Srur, Armando U and Maia, José Guilherme S and
                      Moraes, Maria Rosa de and Godoy, Helena T and Höglinger,
                      Günter U and Smith, Robert E},
      title        = {{N}eurotoxicity of {D}ietary {S}upplements from
                      {A}nnonaceae {S}pecies.},
      journal      = {International journal of toxicology},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1091-5818},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Sage},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04606},
      pages        = {543-550},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Dietary supplements containing plant materials of
                      Annonaceae species (Annona muricata L., A. squamosa L., A.
                      mucosa JACQ., A. squamosa × cherimola Mabb.) were extracted
                      by hot, pressurized ethyl acetate and analyzed for their
                      effect in vitro on Lund human mesencephalic neurons. Cell
                      viability was measured by the
                      3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
                      assay, and cell death was determined by lactate
                      dehydrogenase levels. Three supplements strongly decreased
                      the cell viability at extract concentrations of 1 µg/mL, of
                      which 1 decreased cell viability at 0.1 µg/µL. Also,
                      strong neuronal toxicities of these supplements were found.
                      Cell death was observed at concentrations of 10 µg/mL. The
                      degree of toxicity was comparable to the ones found in
                      Annonaceous fruit extracts. Two fruit pulps of Annonaceae
                      (A. muricata and A. squamosa) showed a reduction in cell
                      viability at lower concentrations. The fruit pulp extract of
                      A. muricata revealed the strongest neurotoxic effect, with
                      $67\%$ cell death at a concentration of 1 µg/mL. A high
                      reduction in cell viability coupled with pronounced cell
                      death was found at 0.1 µg/mL for an Annonaceous seed
                      extract. These results demonstrate that the intake of
                      dietary supplements containing plant material from
                      Annonaceae may be hazardous to health in terms of
                      neurotoxicity.},
      keywords     = {Annonaceae: toxicity / Cell Survival: drug effects / Cells,
                      Cultured / Dietary Supplements: toxicity / Fruit: chemistry
                      / Fruit: toxicity / Humans / L-Lactate Dehydrogenase:
                      analysis / L-Lactate Dehydrogenase: metabolism /
                      Mesencephalon: cytology / Mesencephalon: drug effects /
                      Neurons: drug effects / Neurotoxicity Syndromes: pathology /
                      Plant Extracts: toxicity / Seeds: chemistry / Seeds:
                      toxicity / Tetrazolium Salts / Thiazoles / Plant Extracts
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Tetrazolium Salts (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Thiazoles (NLM Chemicals) / L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (NLM
                      Chemicals) / thiazolyl blue (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Höglinger},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1110002},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26405269},
      doi          = {10.1177/1091581815602252},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138284},
}