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@ARTICLE{Vlkner:138489,
      author       = {Völkner, Manuela and Zschätzsch, Marlen and Rostovskaya,
                      Maria and Overall, Rupert W and Busskamp, Volker and
                      Anastassiadis, Konstantinos and Karl, Mike O},
      title        = {{R}etinal {O}rganoids from {P}luripotent {S}tem {C}ells
                      {E}fficiently {R}ecapitulate {R}etinogenesis.},
      journal      = {Stem cell reports},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2213-6711},
      address      = {[New York, NY]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04811},
      pages        = {525-538},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The plasticity of pluripotent stem cells provides new
                      possibilities for studying development, degeneration, and
                      regeneration. Protocols for the differentiation of retinal
                      organoids from embryonic stem cells have been developed,
                      which either recapitulate complete eyecup morphogenesis or
                      maximize photoreceptor genesis. Here, we have developed a
                      protocol for the efficient generation of large,
                      3D-stratified retinal organoids that does not require
                      evagination of optic-vesicle-like structures, which so far
                      limited the organoid yield. Analysis of gene expression in
                      individual organoids, cell birthdating, and interorganoid
                      variation indicate efficient, reproducible, and temporally
                      regulated retinogenesis. Comparative analysis of a
                      transgenic reporter for PAX6, a master regulator of
                      retinogenesis, shows expression in similar cell types in
                      mouse in vivo, and in mouse and human retinal organoids.
                      Early or late Notch signaling inhibition forces cell
                      differentiation, generating organoids enriched with cone or
                      rod photoreceptors, respectively, demonstrating the power of
                      our improved organoid system for future research in stem
                      cell biology and regenerative medicine.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Cell Differentiation: genetics / Cells, Cultured
                      / Gene Expression Profiling / Human Embryonic Stem Cells:
                      cytology / Human Embryonic Stem Cells: metabolism / Humans /
                      Mice / Mice, Transgenic / Microscopy, Confocal / Mouse
                      Embryonic Stem Cells: cytology / Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells:
                      metabolism / Organ Culture Techniques / Organogenesis:
                      genetics / Organoids: cytology / Organoids: metabolism /
                      PAX6 Transcription Factor: genetics / PAX6 Transcription
                      Factor: metabolism / Pluripotent Stem Cells: cytology /
                      Pluripotent Stem Cells: metabolism / Retina: cytology /
                      Retina: growth $\&$ development / Retina: metabolism /
                      Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / PAX6
                      Transcription Factor (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Karl / Cell Culture Platform},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1710004 / I:(DE-2719)1740003},
      pnm          = {342 - Disease Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27050948},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4834051},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.03.001},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138489},
}