TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dusek, Petr
AU  - Madai, Vince Istvan
AU  - Huelnhagen, Till
AU  - Bahn, Erik
AU  - Matej, Radoslav
AU  - Sobesky, Jan
AU  - Niendorf, Thoralf
AU  - Acosta-Cabronero, Julio
AU  - Wuerfel, Jens
TI  - The choice of embedding media affects image quality, tissue R2* , and susceptibility behaviors in post-mortem brain MR microscopy at 7.0T.
JO  - Magnetic resonance in medicine
VL  - 81
IS  - 4
SN  - 0740-3194
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
PB  - Wiley-Liss
M1  - DZNE-2020-06914
SP  - 2688-2701
PY  - 2019
AB  - The quality and precision of post-mortem MRI microscopy may vary depending on the embedding medium used. To investigate this, our study evaluated the impact of 5 widely used media on: (1) image quality, (2) contrast of high spatial resolution gradient-echo (T1 and T2* -weighted) MR images, (3) effective transverse relaxation rate (R2* ), and (4) quantitative susceptibility measurements (QSM) of post-mortem brain specimens.Five formaldehyde-fixed brain slices were scanned using 7.0T MRI in: (1) formaldehyde solution (formalin), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) deuterium oxide (D2 O), (4) perfluoropolyether (Galden), and (5) agarose gel. SNR and contrast-to-noise ratii (SNR/CNR) were calculated for cortex/white matter (WM) and basal ganglia/WM regions. In addition, median R2* and QSM values were extracted from caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, WM, and cortical regions.PBS, Galden, and agarose returned higher SNR/CNR compared to formalin and D2 O. Formalin fixation, and its use as embedding medium for scanning, increased tissue R2* . Imaging with agarose, D2 O, and Galden returned lower R2* values than PBS (and formalin). No major QSM offsets were observed, although spatial variance was increased (with respect to R2* behaviors) for formalin and agarose.Embedding media affect gradient-echo image quality, R2* , and QSM in differing ways. In this study, PBS embedding was identified as the most stable experimental setup, although by a small margin. Agarose and Galden were preferred to formalin or D2 O embedding. Formalin significantly increased R2* causing noisier data and increased QSM variance.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Autopsy: instrumentation
KW  - Autopsy: methods
KW  - Brain: diagnostic imaging
KW  - Brain: pathology
KW  - Brain Mapping: methods
KW  - Contrast Media
KW  - Deuterium Oxide
KW  - Ethers
KW  - Female
KW  - Fluorocarbons
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Humans
KW  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging: instrumentation
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Phosphates
KW  - Sepharose: chemistry
KW  - Signal-To-Noise Ratio
KW  - Specimen Handling
KW  - Tissue Embedding: instrumentation
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:30506939
DO  - DOI:10.1002/mrm.27595
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/140592
ER  -