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@ARTICLE{Dusek:140592,
      author       = {Dusek, Petr and Madai, Vince Istvan and Huelnhagen, Till
                      and Bahn, Erik and Matej, Radoslav and Sobesky, Jan and
                      Niendorf, Thoralf and Acosta-Cabronero, Julio and Wuerfel,
                      Jens},
      title        = {{T}he choice of embedding media affects image quality,
                      tissue {R}2* , and susceptibility behaviors in post-mortem
                      brain {MR} microscopy at 7.0{T}.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {81},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0740-3194},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-06914},
      pages        = {2688-2701},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The quality and precision of post-mortem MRI microscopy may
                      vary depending on the embedding medium used. To investigate
                      this, our study evaluated the impact of 5 widely used media
                      on: (1) image quality, (2) contrast of high spatial
                      resolution gradient-echo (T1 and T2* -weighted) MR images,
                      (3) effective transverse relaxation rate (R2* ), and (4)
                      quantitative susceptibility measurements (QSM) of
                      post-mortem brain specimens.Five formaldehyde-fixed brain
                      slices were scanned using 7.0T MRI in: (1) formaldehyde
                      solution (formalin), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS),
                      (3) deuterium oxide (D2 O), (4) perfluoropolyether (Galden),
                      and (5) agarose gel. SNR and contrast-to-noise ratii
                      (SNR/CNR) were calculated for cortex/white matter (WM) and
                      basal ganglia/WM regions. In addition, median R2* and QSM
                      values were extracted from caudate nucleus, putamen, globus
                      pallidus, WM, and cortical regions.PBS, Galden, and agarose
                      returned higher SNR/CNR compared to formalin and D2 O.
                      Formalin fixation, and its use as embedding medium for
                      scanning, increased tissue R2* . Imaging with agarose, D2 O,
                      and Galden returned lower R2* values than PBS (and
                      formalin). No major QSM offsets were observed, although
                      spatial variance was increased (with respect to R2*
                      behaviors) for formalin and agarose.Embedding media affect
                      gradient-echo image quality, R2* , and QSM in differing
                      ways. In this study, PBS embedding was identified as the
                      most stable experimental setup, although by a small margin.
                      Agarose and Galden were preferred to formalin or D2 O
                      embedding. Formalin significantly increased R2* causing
                      noisier data and increased QSM variance.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Autopsy: instrumentation / Autopsy: methods / Brain:
                      diagnostic imaging / Brain: pathology / Brain Mapping:
                      methods / Contrast Media / Deuterium Oxide / Ethers / Female
                      / Fluorocarbons / Formaldehyde / Humans / Image Processing,
                      Computer-Assisted / Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
                      instrumentation / Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods / Male
                      / Middle Aged / Phosphates / Sepharose: chemistry /
                      Signal-To-Noise Ratio / Specimen Handling / Tissue
                      Embedding: instrumentation},
      cin          = {AG Nestor},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310001},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30506939},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.27595},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/140592},
}