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@ARTICLE{Betts:141501,
      author       = {Betts, Matthew J and Kirilina, Evgeniya and Otaduy, Maria C
                      G and Ivanov, Dimo and Acosta-Cabronero, Julio and
                      Callaghan, Martina F and Lambert, Christian and
                      Cardenas-Blanco, Arturo and Pine, Kerrin and Passamonti,
                      Luca and Loane, Clare and Keuken, Max C and Trujillo, Paula
                      and Lüsebrink, Falk and Mattern, Hendrik and Liu, Kathy Y
                      and Priovoulos, Nikos and Fliessbach, Klaus and Dahl, Martin
                      J and Maaß, Anne and Madelung, Christopher F and Meder,
                      David and Ehrenberg, Alexander J and Speck, Oliver and
                      Weiskopf, Nikolaus and Dolan, Raymond and Inglis, Ben and
                      Tosun, Duygu and Morawski, Markus and Zucca, Fabio A and
                      Siebner, Hartwig R and Mather, Mara and Uludag, Kamil and
                      Heinsen, Helmut and Poser, Benedikt A and Howard, Robert and
                      Zecca, Luigi and Rowe, James B and Grinberg, Lea T and
                      Jacobs, Heidi I L and Düzel, Emrah and Hämmerer, Dorothea},
      title        = {{L}ocus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for noradrenergic
                      dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.},
      journal      = {Brain},
      volume       = {142},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0006-8950},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-07825},
      pages        = {2558-2571},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Pathological alterations to the locus coeruleus, the major
                      source of noradrenaline in the brain, are histologically
                      evident in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Novel
                      MRI approaches now provide an opportunity to quantify
                      structural features of the locus coeruleus in vivo during
                      disease progression. In combination with neuropathological
                      biomarkers, in vivo locus coeruleus imaging could help to
                      understand the contribution of locus coeruleus
                      neurodegeneration to clinical and pathological
                      manifestations in Alzheimer's disease, atypical
                      neurodegenerative dementias and Parkinson's disease.
                      Moreover, as the functional sensitivity of the noradrenergic
                      system is likely to change with disease progression, in vivo
                      measures of locus coeruleus integrity could provide new
                      pathophysiological insights into cognitive and behavioural
                      symptoms. Locus coeruleus imaging also holds the promise to
                      stratify patients into clinical trials according to
                      noradrenergic dysfunction. In this article, we present a
                      consensus on how non-invasive in vivo assessment of locus
                      coeruleus integrity can be used for clinical research in
                      neurodegenerative diseases. We outline the next steps for in
                      vivo, post-mortem and clinical studies that can lay the
                      groundwork to evaluate the potential of locus coeruleus
                      imaging as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.},
      keywords     = {Biomarkers: metabolism / Humans / Locus Coeruleus:
                      diagnostic imaging / Locus Coeruleus: metabolism / Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging: methods / Neurodegenerative Diseases:
                      diagnostic imaging / Neurodegenerative Diseases: metabolism
                      / Norepinephrine: metabolism},
      cin          = {AG Speck / AG Düzel / Patient Studies Bonn},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1340009 / I:(DE-2719)5000006 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011101},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31327002},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6736046},
      doi          = {10.1093/brain/awz193},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/141501},
}