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@ARTICLE{Gerhard:164021,
      author       = {Gerhard, Ameli and Prüß, Harald and Franke, Christiana},
      title        = {{M}anifestationen im {Z}entralnervensystem nach
                      {COVID}-19.},
      journal      = {Der Nervenarzt},
      volume       = {93},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0028-2804},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00684},
      pages        = {769-778},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {CC BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
      abstract     = {Numerous diseases of the central nervous system (CNS),
                      especially in the postacute phase after an infection with
                      severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
                      have been described. These include neuroimmunologically
                      mediated diseases, such as encephalopathy, encephalitis,
                      myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute
                      necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE) and
                      neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as well as
                      others, such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
                      (PRES), opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (OMA) and
                      cerebrovascular diseases. A parainfectious or postinfectious
                      association is discussed but the pathophysiological
                      mechanisms are so far unknown. Underlying mechanisms could
                      be a virus-triggered overactivation of the immune system
                      with hyperinflammation and cytokine storm but possibly also
                      the development of specific autoantibodies against CNS
                      tissue. Direct damage due to the invasion of SARS-CoV‑2
                      into the brain or spinal cord does not seem to play a
                      relevant role. An exact clinical phenotyping and initiation
                      of additional diagnostics are recommended, also to rule out
                      other causes. To date no medicinal treatment options for CNS
                      manifestations of long COVID exist; however, first results
                      regarding inflammation and autoimmunity are promising and
                      could lead to new treatment approaches.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {COVID-19: complications / Central Nervous System / Humans /
                      Nervous System Diseases: etiology / Posterior
                      Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome / SARS-CoV-2 / Post-Acute
                      COVID-19 Syndrome / Autoantibodies (Other) / Encephalitis
                      (Other) / Hyperinflammation (Other) / Immunotherapy (Other)
                      / Myelitis (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Prüß},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1810003},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35552466},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC9096778},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00115-022-01294-2},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/164021},
}