TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Qing
AU  - Wang, Ying
AU  - Sun, Qiang
AU  - Knopf, Jasmin
AU  - Herrmann, Martin
AU  - Lin, Liangyu
AU  - Jiang, Jingting
AU  - Shao, Changshun
AU  - Li, Peishan
AU  - He, Xiaozhou
AU  - Hua, Fei
AU  - Niu, Zubiao
AU  - Ma, Chaobing
AU  - Zhu, Yichao
AU  - Ippolito, Giuseppe
AU  - Piacentini, Mauro
AU  - Estaquier, Jerome
AU  - Melino, Sonia
AU  - Weiss, Felix Daniel
AU  - Andreano, Emanuele
AU  - Latz, Eicke
AU  - Schultze, Joachim
AU  - Rappuoli, Rino
AU  - Mantovani, Alberto
AU  - Mak, Tak Wah
AU  - Melino, Gerry
AU  - Shi, Yufang
TI  - Immune response in COVID-19: what is next?
JO  - Cell death and differentiation
VL  - 29
SN  - 1350-9047
CY  - London
PB  - Macmillan
M1  - DZNE-2022-00718
SP  - 1107-1122
PY  - 2022
N1  - (CC BY)
AB  - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years and it still impacts our daily lifestyle and quality in unprecedented ways. A better understanding of immunity and its regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Based on the current literature, we review here the various virus mutations and the evolving disease manifestations along with the alterations of immune responses with specific focuses on the innate immune response, neutrophil extracellular traps, humoral immunity, and cellular immunity. Different types of vaccines were compared and analyzed based on their unique properties to elicit specific immunity. Various therapeutic strategies such as antibody, anti-viral medications and inflammation control were discussed. We predict that with the available and continuously emerging new technologies, more powerful vaccines and administration schedules, more effective medications and better public health measures, the COVID-19 pandemic will be under control in the near future.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - COVID-19 Vaccines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Immunity, Innate
KW  - Pandemics: prevention & control
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:35581387
C2  - pmc:PMC9110941
DO  - DOI:10.1038/s41418-022-01015-x
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/164055
ER  -