Journal Article

DZNE-2022-01383

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Distinct movement disorders in contactin-associated-protein-like-2 antibody associated autoimmune encephalitis.

Gövert, F. ; Abrante, L. ; Becktepe, J. ; Balint, B. ; Ganos, C. ; Hofstadt-van Oy, U. ; Krogias, C. ; Varley, J. ; Irani, S. R. ; Paneva, S. ; Titulaer, M. J. ; de Vries, J. M. ; Boon, A. J. W. ; Schreurs, M. W. J. ; Joubert, B. ; Honnorat, J. ; Vogrig, A. ; Ariño, H. ; Sabater, L. ; Dalmau, J. ; Scotton, S. ; Jacob, S. ; Melzer, N. ; Bien, C. G. ; Geis, C. ; Lewerenz, J. ; Prüss, H.DZNE* ; Wandinger, K. P. ; Deuschl, G.Extern* ; Leypoldt, F.

2023
Oxford Univ. Press Oxford

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1093/brain/awac276

Abstract: Autoimmune encephalitis can be classified into antibody-defined subtypes, which can manifest with immunotherapy-responsive movement disorders sometimes mimicking non-inflammatory aetiologies. In the elderly, anti-LGI1 and contactin associated protein like 2 (CASPR2) antibody-associated diseases compose a relevant fraction of autoimmune encephalitis. Patients with LGI1 autoantibodies are known to present with limbic encephalitis and additionally faciobrachial dystonic seizures may occur. However, the clinical spectrum of CASPR2 autoantibody-associated disorders is more diverse including limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome, peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome, ataxia, pain and sleep disorders. Reports on unusual, sometimes isolated and immunotherapy-responsive movement disorders in CASPR2 autoantibody-associated syndromes have caused substantial concern regarding necessity of autoantibody testing in patients with movement disorders. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess their prevalence and manifestation in patients with CASPR2 autoimmunity. This international, retrospective cohort study included patients with CASPR2 autoimmunity from participating expert centres in Europe. Patients with ataxia and/or movement disorders were analysed in detail using questionnaires and video recordings. We recruited a comparator group with anti-LGI1 encephalitis from the GENERATE network. Characteristics were compared according to serostatus. We identified 164 patients with CASPR2 autoantibodies. Of these, 149 (90.8%) had only CASPR2 and 15 (9.1%) both CASPR2 and LGI1 autoantibodies. Compared to 105 patients with LGI1 encephalitis, patients with CASPR2 autoantibodies more often had movement disorders and/or ataxia (35.6 versus 3.8%; P < 0.001). This was evident in all subgroups: ataxia 22.6 versus 0.0%, myoclonus 14.6 versus 0.0%, tremor 11.0 versus 1.9%, or combinations thereof 9.8 versus 0.0% (all P < 0.001). The small group of patients double-positive for LGI1/CASPR2 autoantibodies (15/164) significantly more frequently had myoclonus, tremor, 'mixed movement disorders', Morvan's syndrome and underlying tumours. We observed distinct movement disorders in CASPR2 autoimmunity (14.6%): episodic ataxia (6.7%), paroxysmal orthostatic segmental myoclonus of the legs (3.7%) and continuous segmental spinal myoclonus (4.3%). These occurred together with further associated symptoms or signs suggestive of CASPR2 autoimmunity. However, 2/164 patients (1.2%) had isolated segmental spinal myoclonus. Movement disorders and ataxia are highly prevalent in CASPR2 autoimmunity. Paroxysmal orthostatic segmental myoclonus of the legs is a novel albeit rare manifestation. Further distinct movement disorders include isolated and combined segmental spinal myoclonus and autoimmune episodic ataxia.

Keyword(s): Humans (MeSH) ; Aged (MeSH) ; Limbic Encephalitis (MeSH) ; Myoclonus (MeSH) ; Retrospective Studies (MeSH) ; Tremor (MeSH) ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: metabolism (MeSH) ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated (MeSH) ; Ataxia (MeSH) ; Encephalitis (MeSH) ; Autoantibodies (MeSH) ; Movement Disorders: etiology (MeSH) ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System (MeSH) ; Contactins: metabolism (MeSH) ; CASPR2 ; autoimmune encephalitis ; movement disorders ; myoclonus ; neuronal autoantibodies

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Autoimmune Enzephalopathies (AG Prüß)

Research Program(s):

1. 353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) (POF4-353)

Appears in the scientific report 2023

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Database coverage:
; BIOSIS Previews ; Biological Abstracts ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Clinical Medicine ; Current Contents - Life Sciences ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 10 ; JCR ; Nationallizenz ; PubMed Central ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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