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@ARTICLE{Luib:268773,
      author       = {Luib, Elena and Demleitner, Antonia F and Cordts, Isabell
                      and Westenberg, Erica and Rau, Petra and Pürner, Dominik
                      and Haller, Bernhard and Lingor, Paul},
      title        = {{R}educed tear fluid production in neurological diseases: a
                      cohort study in 708 patients.},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {271},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0367-004X},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-00317},
      pages        = {1824 - 1836},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Tear fluid (TF) production is an important component of
                      normal ocular function. It is regulated by parasympathetic
                      and sympathetic innervation. Because parasympathetic nerve
                      fibers originate in the brainstem, pathology in this brain
                      region may affect TF production. For example, a reduction in
                      TF production has been described in patients with
                      Parkinson's disease (PD).TF was collected at one center from
                      772 individuals, 708 of which were patients with different
                      neurological diseases, and 64 healthy controls. Wetting
                      lengths (WL) were recorded using Schirmer test strips with a
                      collection time of 10 min.WL correlated negatively with age
                      and was significantly reduced in subgroups of patients with
                      neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) (PD, Amyotrophic lateral
                      sclerosis (ALS), other motor neuron diseases (MNDs)), as
                      well as inflammatory/autoimmune/infectious central nervous
                      system (CNS) diseases and vascular CNS diseases (VCDs), even
                      if corrected for age or sex. While temperature had a
                      significant negative effect on TF production, other
                      environmental factors, such as hours of sunlight and
                      humidity, did not.WL was altered in many neurological
                      diseases compared to healthy controls. Most importantly, we
                      observed a reduction of WL in NDDs, independent of age or
                      sex. This study highlights the potential of WL as an easily
                      obtainable parameter and suggests functional alterations in
                      the autonomic innervation in various neurological
                      disorders.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Cohort Studies / Nervous System Diseases / Motor
                      Neuron Disease / Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: pathology /
                      Brain: pathology / Parkinson Disease / Neurodegeneration
                      (Other) / Neurological diseases (Other) / Tear fluid (Other)
                      / Wetting length (Other)},
      cin          = {Clinical Research (Munich)},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1111015},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10973005},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38063868},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-023-12104-3},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/268773},
}