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@ARTICLE{Walter:273015,
      author       = {Walter, Uwe and Loewenbrück, Kai F and Dodel, Richard and
                      Storch, Alexander and Trenkwalder, Claudia and Höglinger,
                      Günter},
      collaboration = {Group, German Parkinson Guideline},
      title        = {{S}ystematic review-based guideline '{P}arkinson's disease'
                      of the {G}erman {S}ociety of {N}eurology: diagnostic use of
                      transcranial sonography.},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {271},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {0367-004X},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-01374},
      pages        = {7387 - 7401},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Transcranial brain parenchyma sonography (TCS) has been
                      recommended as a tool for the early and differential
                      diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) in German and European
                      clinical guidelines. Still, the brain structures to be
                      examined for the diagnostic questions and the requirements
                      for being a qualified investigator were not specified in
                      detail. These issues have now been addressed in the 2023
                      update of the clinical guideline on PD by the German Society
                      of Neurology (DGN).The recommendations were based on a
                      systematic literature review following PRISMA (Preferred
                      Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)
                      guidelines.Three diagnostic questions were defined: (1) What
                      is the accuracy of TCS in the differential diagnosis of PD
                      versus atypical and secondary Parkinsonian syndromes? (2)
                      What is the accuracy of TCS in the differential diagnosis of
                      PD versus essential tremor? (3) What is the accuracy of TCS
                      in the diagnosis of PD in persons with typical early
                      symptoms, compared with the diagnosis established by
                      clinical follow-up? The brain structures to be assessed and
                      the level of recommendation were formulated for these
                      questions. The training requirements for being regarded as
                      qualified TCS investigator were stipulated by the
                      responsible medical societies (German Society of Ultrasound
                      in Medicine, DEGUM; German Society for Clinical
                      Neurophysiology and Functional Imaging, DGKN). Finally, the
                      recommendations for these diagnostic questions reached
                      strong consensus (each ≥ $97\%)$ of the guideline
                      committee. Here, the details of review and recommendations
                      are presented.The updated guideline clarifies the diagnostic
                      uses and limitations of TCS in PD.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Humans / Parkinson Disease: diagnostic imaging / Parkinson
                      Disease: diagnosis / Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial:
                      standards / Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial: methods
                      / Neurology: standards / Germany / Societies, Medical:
                      standards / Practice Guidelines as Topic: standards /
                      Diagnosis, Differential / Essential tremor (Other) /
                      Neuroimaging (Other) / Parkinsonism (Other) / Parkinson’s
                      disease (Other) / Systematic review (Other) / Transcranial
                      ultrasound (Other)},
      cin          = {Clinical Research (Munich) / AG Storch},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1111015 / I:(DE-2719)5000014},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11588812},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38963440},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-024-12502-1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/273015},
}