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@ARTICLE{Tsamitros:274054,
      author       = {Tsamitros, N. and Gutwinski, S. and Beck, A. and Lange
                      Mussons, S. and Sebold, M. and Schöneck, R. and Wolbers, T.
                      and Bermpohl, F. and Heinz, A. and Lütt, A.},
      title        = {{C}raving induction through virtual reality cue-exposure
                      for patients with alcohol dependence in rehabilitation
                      treatment.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00035},
      pages        = {30550},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {New therapeutic approaches for alcohol dependence (AD)
                      include virtual reality (VR)-based treatments offering
                      scalable options for cue exposure (CE), a well-established
                      strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy. This study aimed
                      to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a new VR-CE
                      paradigm. On an explorative basis, factors influencing the
                      induction of craving were examined. This single-arm
                      monocentric clinical study included n = 21 patients with AD
                      in inpatient rehabilitation treatment, that completed one
                      VR-CE session including confrontation with
                      alcohol-associated stimuli. Measurements of subjective
                      craving before, during and after exposure, affective states,
                      VR side effects as cybersickness and the sense of presence
                      in VR were conducted. Craving levels during and directly
                      after VR-CE were significantly higher than before the
                      intervention. Craving levels 20 min after VR-CE did not
                      significantly differ compared to those before VR-CE.
                      Patients described a pronounced sense of presence and only
                      mild symptoms of cybersickness. Craving was significantly
                      correlated with cybersickness. While positive affect
                      decreased throughout the VR exposure, negative affect did
                      not differ significantly in pre-post-comparisons. This study
                      shows that craving induction through our VR-CE paradigm is
                      feasible and well-tolerated by patients with AD in long-term
                      rehabilitation. These results contribute to the development
                      and future research of therapeutic VR-CE approaches.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Alcoholism: rehabilitation / Alcoholism:
                      psychology / Male / Craving / Female / Middle Aged / Adult /
                      Cues / Virtual Reality / Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy:
                      methods / Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: methods / Alcohol
                      dependence (Other) / Craving (Other) / Cue exposure (Other)
                      / Cybersickness (Other) / Sense of presence (Other) /
                      Virtual reality (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Wolbers},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310002},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39695314},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11655979},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-81071-0},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/274054},
}