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@ARTICLE{Eckstein:278041,
      author       = {Eckstein, Yasmin and Kessler, Barbara and Hinrichs, Arne
                      and Novak, Istvan and von Thaden, Anne and Lorenzen, Timo
                      and Rathkolb, Birgit and Scholz, Armin and Blutke, Andreas
                      and Koopmans, Sietse-Jan and de Angelis, Martin Hrabĕ and
                      Christoffersen, Berit Østergaard and Wolf, Eckhard and
                      Renner, Simone},
      title        = {{P}rotocol for in vivo assessment of glucose control and
                      insulin secretion and sensitivity in the pig.},
      journal      = {STAR Protocols},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2666-1667},
      address      = {Cambridge, MA},
      publisher    = {Cell Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00547},
      pages        = {103774},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The pig is a valuable animal model in diabetes research;
                      however, standardized protocols are essential for evaluating
                      in vivo metabolism. Here, we present a protocol for in vivo
                      assessment of glucose control and insulin secretion and
                      sensitivity in the pig. We describe steps for catheter
                      implantation, testing of intravenous glucose tolerance,
                      performance of hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (HECs) and
                      hyperglycemic clamps (HGCs), and blood processing. We then
                      detail procedures for analysis of plasma glucose, insulin,
                      glucagon, and C-peptide concentrations as well as data
                      analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of
                      this protocol, please refer to Renner et al.1 and Renner et
                      al.2.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Swine / Insulin Secretion: physiology / Insulin:
                      metabolism / Insulin: blood / Blood Glucose: metabolism /
                      Blood Glucose: analysis / Glucose Clamp Technique: methods /
                      Glucagon: blood / C-Peptide: blood / Glucose Tolerance Test:
                      methods / Biotechnology and bioengineering (Other) /
                      Metabolism (Other) / Model Organisms (Other)},
      cin          = {Mouse Facility (Munich)},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1140012},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12224880},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40249709},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103774},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/278041},
}