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@ARTICLE{Pakeerathan:283151,
      author       = {Pakeerathan, Thivya and Davis, James and Henderson, Amanda
                      D and Sotirchos, Elias S and Said, Yana and Havla, Joachim
                      and Ringelstein, Marius and Aktas, Orhan and Weise, Margit
                      and Gernert, Jonathan A and Kornek, Barbara and Bsteh,
                      Gabriel and Rommer, Paulus S and Krajnc, Nik and Pröbstel,
                      Anne-Katrin and Papadopoulou, Athina and Kulsvehagen, Laila
                      and Pretzsch, Roxanne and Schoenholzer, Kean and
                      Padungkiatsagul, Tanyatuth and Moss, Heather E and
                      Villarreal Navarro, Sylvia E and Herwerth, Marina and
                      Graure, Madalina and Kana, Veronika and Stiebel-Kalish,
                      Hadas and Zlatkin, Rita and Arnold, Anthony C and Bonelli,
                      Laura and Stellmann, Jan-Patrick and Stolowy, Natacha and
                      Schwake, Carolin and Schneider-Gold, Christiane and
                      Kümpfel, Tania and Albrecht, Philipp and Rattanathamsakul,
                      Natthapon and Pittock, Sean J and Flanagan, Eoin P and
                      Carta, Sara and Mariotto, Sara and Gold, Ralf and Chen, John
                      J and Ayzenberg, Ilya},
      title        = {{OCT}-{B}ased {D}ifferentiation of {F}irst {A}cute {O}ptic
                      {N}euritis: {A}n {I}nternational {S}tudy of 111 {P}atients
                      {W}ith {NMOSD} and {MOGAD}.},
      journal      = {Neurology: Neuroimmunology $\&$ Neuroinflammation ;
                      official journal of the American Academy of Neurology},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2332-7812},
      address      = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
      publisher    = {Wolters Kluwer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2026-00047},
      pages        = {e200531},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Severe optic neuritis (ON) is a common clinical
                      manifestation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
                      antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica
                      spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Given distinct prognoses and
                      often the necessity of early plasma exchange in NMOSD,
                      prompt differentiation is crucial. In this study, we
                      investigated the utility of optical coherence tomography
                      (OCT) in differentiating between first acute NMOSD-ON and
                      MOGAD-associated optic neuritis (MOGAD-ON), as well as
                      specific factors associated with disc edema.In this
                      retrospective multicenter study, 111 adult patients with
                      MOGAD or aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD who experienced
                      a first ON and underwent OCT within 2 weeks of symptom onset
                      were included from 14 centers across 8 countries.
                      Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in
                      µm was analyzed, including the average of both eyes in
                      cases of bilateral manifestation.Eighty-three patients with
                      MOGAD (51 women; 124 ON eyes; bilateral ON $48.2\%)$ and 28
                      with NMOSD (24 women; 36 ON eyes; bilateral ON $21.4\%)$
                      were enrolled. A significant increase in pRNFL thickness
                      (>2SD), suggestive of disc edema, was observed in $73.4\%$
                      of MOGAD-ON eyes and $11.1\%$ of NMOSD-ON eyes (p < 0.001).
                      The pRNFL thickness cutoff of 117.5 µm provided $92.9\%$
                      specificity and $71.1\%$ sensitivity in distinguishing
                      between MOGAD-ON and NMOSD-ON (area under the curve =
                      0.838). There was no association between pRNFL thickening
                      and MOG-IgG titer (high vs low), body mass index, or the
                      delay between ON onset and OCT. Simultaneous bilateral
                      MOGAD-ON was associated with significantly more pronounced
                      pRNFL thickening.Acute-stage OCT contributes to the rapid
                      and accurate differentiation between MOGAD-ON and NMOSD-ON
                      prior to antibody confirmation, which can be critical for
                      timely therapeutic decisions.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Tomography, Optical Coherence: methods / Female /
                      Optic Neuritis: diagnostic imaging / Optic Neuritis:
                      diagnosis / Male / Adult / Neuromyelitis Optica: diagnosis /
                      Neuromyelitis Optica: diagnostic imaging / Middle Aged /
                      Retrospective Studies / Diagnosis, Differential /
                      Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein: immunology / Young
                      Adult / Aquaporin 4: immunology / Aged / Autoantibodies /
                      Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated
                      Disease / Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Aquaporin 4 (NLM Chemicals) / Autoantibodies
                      (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Pröbstel},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013045},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41499724},
      doi          = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000200531},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/283151},
}