Journal Article

DZNE-2024-00208

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Exploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification Using Chest X-ray Images.

Chatterjee, S. ; Saad, F. ; Sarasaen, C. ; Ghosh, S. ; Krug, V. ; Khatun, R. ; Mishra, R. ; Desai, N. ; Radeva, P. ; Rose, G. ; Stober, S. ; Speck, O.DZNE* ; Nürnberger, A.

2024
MDPI Basel

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.3390/jimaging10020045

Abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has shocked the entire world with its fairly rapid spread, and has challenged different sectors. One of the most effective ways to limit its spread is the early and accurate diagnosing of infected patients. Medical imaging, such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT), combined with the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), plays an essential role in supporting medical personnel in the diagnosis process. Thus, in this article, five different deep learning models (ResNet18, ResNet34, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and DenseNet161) and their ensemble, using majority voting, have been used to classify COVID-19, pneumoniæ and healthy subjects using chest X-ray images. Multilabel classification was performed to predict multiple pathologies for each patient, if present. Firstly, the interpretability of each of the networks was thoroughly studied using local interpretability methods-occlusion, saliency, input X gradient, guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, and DeepLIFT-and using a global technique-neuron activation profiles. The mean micro F1 score of the models for COVID-19 classifications ranged from 0.66 to 0.875, and was 0.89 for the ensemble of the network models. The qualitative results showed that the ResNets were the most interpretable models. This research demonstrates the importance of using interpretability methods to compare different models before making a decision regarding the best performing model.

Keyword(s): COVID-19 ; chest X-ray ; deep learning ; interpretability analysis ; model ensemble ; multilabel image classification ; pneumonia

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Linking imaging projects iNET (AG Speck)

Research Program(s):

1. 353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) (POF4-353)

Appears in the scientific report 2024

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Database coverage:
; ; ; ; Article Processing Charges ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; DOAJ Seal ; Emerging Sources Citation Index ; Fees ; IF < 5 ; JCR ; PubMed Central ; SCOPUS ; Web of Science Core Collection

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